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Доктор Полат возглавляет Центр трансплантации органов в Мемориальной больнице Бахчелиевлера.","linkedin":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/prof-dr-kamil-yalçın-polat","specialities":[{"id":"sur.004","name":"Трансплантолог","illness_kind_id":40},{"id":"sur.010","name":"Специалист общей хирургии","illness_kind_id":33}]},"direction":{"id":40,"name":"Трансплантология","alias":"transplantologiya"},"illness_kind":{"id":40,"name":{"en":"Transplantology"}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["local","local_sedation","general"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":7,"max":28,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk work after lamellar or penetrating keratoplasty; manual or dusty work often takes longer."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":10,"max":35,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any significant complication within 1-2 years (rejection episodes, raised pressure, detachment, infection); sight-threatening ones much lower."},"contraindications":["Active ocular or periocular infection or uncontrolled inflammation","Severe uncontrolled dry eye or lid problems (relative; treated first)","Uncontrolled glaucoma (relative)","Unfit for planned anesthesia or unable to lie still","Poor visual potential from non-corneal disease (relative)"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":0,"max":1,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Typical single-eye keratoplasty, usually discharged same day; one night if general anesthesia or monitoring needed."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":4,"max":12,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Light activity earlier; strenuous exercise and contact sports later, depending on technique and surgeon advice."},"final_result_months":{"min":6,"max":18,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Vision stabilizes slowly; full-thickness grafts and sutured grafts often take longest, endothelial grafts usually faster."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After day-1 and week-1 checks confirm graft clarity and stable pressure; endothelial grafts with gas bubble need longer clearance."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":1,"max":2,"unit":"days","qualifier":"First postoperative day check."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Check of graft clarity, pressure and healing."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":30,"max":45,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Graft and steroid drop review."}},{"purpose":"suture_removal","requirement":"conditional","after":{"min":90,"max":365,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Only for sutured grafts; timing varies widely, often selective or staged."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":180,"max":365,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Vision and refraction review; ongoing long-term monitoring for rejection."}}],"indications":["Keratoconus with advanced scarring or contact lens intolerance","Corneal scarring after infection or injury","Fuchs endothelial dystrophy or bullous keratopathy","Corneal dystrophies and degenerations","Corneal edema after previous surgery","Failed previous graft","Non-healing or perforated ulcer needing tectonic repair"],"main_risks":["Graft rejection","Graft failure","Infection (endophthalmitis or keratitis)","Raised intraocular pressure or glaucoma","Cataract formation (from steroid use or surgery)","Astigmatism and irregular vision","Suture-related problems","Graft detachment (endothelial techniques)","Wound leak or dehiscence","Recurrence of original disease","Persistent epithelial defect or delayed epithelial healing"],"pain":"Mild to moderate discomfort, foreign-body sensation and light sensitivity for the first days; controlled with simple analgesics and eye drops. Endothelial techniques are generally less painful than full-thickness grafts.","preparation":["Eye examination with corneal imaging, measurements and intraocular pressure check","Treat ocular surface disease, infection or inflammation beforehand","Review of general health and fitness for anesthesia","Donor tissue matching and scheduling by eye bank","Fasting instructions as directed by the surgical team","Arrange transport home and help with eye drops afterward","Review medications and allergies with the surgeon"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"First week","description":"Eye shield worn, frequent antibiotic and steroid drops; blurred vision and light sensitivity. Endothelial graft patients may need face-up positioning.","restrictions":["Do not rub or press the eye","Keep water and dirt out of eye","No heavy lifting or bending"]},{"phase":"Weeks 2-6","description":"Gradual improvement; steroid taper begins under supervision, frequent checks.","restrictions":["Avoid strenuous activity","Wear protective glasses or shield as advised","Avoid swimming and dusty environments"]},{"phase":"Months 2-12","description":"Vision slowly stabilizes; sutures adjusted or removed if present; report redness, pain or vision drop at once (possible rejection); contact lens fitting once stable.","restrictions":["Avoid contact sports and eye trauma"]},{"phase":"Long term","description":"Ongoing regular monitoring and low-dose drops as prescribed.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":3,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Time to light daily activities with eye shield and drops; faster after DMEK/DSAEK, slower after full-thickness PK."},"result_longevity":"Many grafts remain clear for 10 to 20 years or longer, but survival varies with the underlying disease, technique and rejection; repeat transplant may be needed.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":5,"max":15,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Share needing regraft within about 5 years of a primary graft; higher in high-risk eyes. Minor re-interventions excluded."},"scars":"No external scar; a circular graft-host junction remains visible on the cornea and may leave a faint ring-shaped scar, usually minimal in lamellar endothelial techniques.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"One operation per eye; fellow eye treated separately if needed."},"stages":[{"code":"corneal_graft_surgery","label":"Corneal transplant surgery on one eye","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Single operative session."}}],"qualifier":"Typical single-eye keratoplasty; routine follow-up and suture removal are follow-up care, not separate treatment sessions."},"success":{"metric":"Graft survival (clear graft)","value":85,"unit":"percent","horizon":"5 years","population":"Adults after primary keratoplasty for mixed corneal indications","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Penetrating keratoplasty (full-thickness)","suits_whom":"Full-thickness corneal scarring or disease, advanced keratoconus, severe damage.","recovery":"Slowest visual recovery, often 12 months or more; sutures remain for months."},{"name":"DALK (deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty)","suits_whom":"Diseases of the front layers with healthy endothelium, e.g. keratoconus, stromal scars.","recovery":"Lower rejection risk; visual recovery several months."},{"name":"DMEK/DSAEK (endothelial keratoplasty)","suits_whom":"Endothelial failure such as Fuchs dystrophy or bullous keratopathy.","recovery":"Faster visual recovery, often weeks to a few months; no or few sutures."}],"treatment_conditions":["day_case"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":1,"max":2,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operating time for one eye; longer for combined or complex cases."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Ophthalmologist report with corneal diagnosis","Corneal topography or tomography scans","Endothelial cell count report","Anterior segment OCT scan (if available)","Visual acuity and refraction record","Previous eye surgery and graft records (if available)"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":2,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"One operation per eye; stay about 7-14 days for early checks, then local follow-up. Second trip only for suture removal."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check that you have been able to put your questions about the treatment to the team","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you been able to ask them questions about your treatment?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check how your aftercare will be coordinated before you agree to treatment","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Ensure you're clear about how your aftercare will be coordinated.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check whether follow-up care is scheduled at the same facility as the 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