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Techniques using donor-site flaps, such as phalloplasty, leave additional visible scars at the donor site.","sessions_or_stages":{"qualifier":"Usually a single operation for penile inversion vaginoplasty; revisions are separate and occasional.","sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"One surgical admission"},"stages":[{"code":"vaginoplasty","label":"Vaginoplasty with vulvoplasty","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Single-stage surgery on day of admission"}}]},"success":{"metric":"Patient satisfaction with surgical result","value":93,"unit":"percent satisfied","horizon":"1-2 years after surgery","population":"Transfeminine adults after penile inversion vaginoplasty","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Vaginoplasty (penile inversion or intestinal/peritoneal variants)","suits_whom":"Transfeminine adults seeking creation of a vulva and vaginal canal.","recovery":"Usually several days in hospital, then weeks of dilation and restricted activity."},{"name":"Metoidioplasty","suits_whom":"Transmasculine adults on testosterone who want a smaller phallus from enlarged clitoral tissue, with or without urethral lengthening.","recovery":"Shorter hospital stay than phalloplasty, with several weeks of recovery."},{"name":"Phalloplasty (e.g., radial forearm or anterolateral thigh flap)","suits_whom":"Transmasculine adults who want a larger phallus and, often, standing urination and implant-based erection.","recovery":"Longer hospital stay with multiple stages and prolonged recovery."},{"name":"Vulvoplasty (zero-depth)","suits_whom":"Transfeminine adults who do not want a vaginal canal.","recovery":"Generally simpler recovery with no dilation requirement."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":4,"max":7,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Penile inversion vaginoplasty; longer for intestinal or peritoneal variants."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Two mental health support letters","Hormone therapy start date and dosage record","Recent blood test results","Medical clearance report from primary physician","Previous genital or pelvic surgery reports (if available)","Genital hair removal record (if available)"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":4,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"One trip for vaginoplasty or vulvoplasty; staged phalloplasty needs several trips."},"clinic_checks":null,"red_flags":null,"warning_signs":null,"take_home":null,"alternatives":null,"technique_details":null}},"hrefLanguages":[{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"en","language":"en","href":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/city=madrid/procedure=bottom-surgery/"},{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"ar","language":"ar","href":"https://ar.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/city=madrid/procedure=bottom-surgery/"},{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"id","language":"id","href":"https://id.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/city=madrid/procedure=bottom-surgery/"},{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"uk","language":"ua","href":"https://ua.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/city=madrid/procedure=bottom-surgery/"},{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"kk","language":"kz","href":"https://kz.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/city=madrid/procedure=bottom-surgery/"},{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"es","language":"es","href":"https://es.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/city=madrid/procedure=bottom-surgery/"},{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"pt","language":"pt","href":"https://pt.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/city=madrid/procedure=bottom-surgery/"},{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"de","language":"de","href":"https://de.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/city=madrid/procedure=bottom-surgery/"},{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"fr","language":"fr","href":"https://fr.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/city=madrid/procedure=bottom-surgery/"},{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"pl","language":"pl","href":"https://pl.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/city=madrid/procedure=bottom-surgery/"},{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"it","language":"it","href":"https://it.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/city=madrid/procedure=bottom-surgery/"},{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"ja","language":"jp","href":"https://jp.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/city=madrid/procedure=bottom-surgery/"},{"rel":"alternate","hreflang":"en-AU","language":"en","href":"https://au.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/city=madrid/procedure=bottom-surgery/"}],"questionsAndAnswers":[],"seoTests":{"thin_content":false,"no_txt_after_3_clinics":false},"offerFilters":{"offer_count":0,"price_filter":{"from":0,"to":0,"avg":0}},"leadsCount":{"leads_count":4},"manualSeo":[],"updatedAt":"2026-11-11T14:00:21.657Z","activeCountries":["TR","PL","ES","TH"],"hasVideoReviewsByContext":true,"hasCriticalApiFallback":false}