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treatment","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/patient-guide-to-safe-surgery","host":"orthoinfo.aaos.org","quote":"Ask new and unfamiliar caregivers to identify themselves and explain their role in your treatment.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"An offer of surgery only to change how the feet look is a warning sign","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bunions/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Surgery is not done just to improve how your feet look.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Surgery offered for a bunion that is not painful is a warning sign","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/bunions/","host":"orthoinfo.aaos.org","quote":"You should 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surgery","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://roh.nhs.uk/services-information/foot-and-ankle/bunions?highlight=WyJjb3JyZWN0bHkiLCJjb3JyZWN0IiwiY29ycmVjdGlvbiIsImNvcnJlY3Rpb25zIiwiY29ycmVjdGl2ZSIsImNvcnJlY3RlZCIsImNvcnJlY3RzIiwiY29yZWN0aW5nIiwiY29ycmVjdGx5LlwyMDEiXQ==","host":"roh.nhs.uk","quote":"Infections in the wound and minor damage to the nerves of the toe can occur in any foot surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Severe, continuous pain that is debilitating","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://roh.nhs.uk/services-information/foot-and-ankle/bunions?highlight=WyJjb3JyZWN0bHkiLCJjb3JyZWN0IiwiY29ycmVjdGlvbiIsImNvcnJlY3Rpb25zIiwiY29ycmVjdGl2ZSIsImNvcnJlY3RlZCIsImNvcnJlY3RzIiwiY29yZWN0aW5nIiwiY29ycmVjdGx5LlwyMDEiXQ==","host":"roh.nhs.uk","quote":"The main symptom of chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is pain, which can sometimes be severe, continuous and debilitating.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"Big toe slowly tilting back toward original position","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://roh.nhs.uk/services-information/foot-and-ankle/bunions?highlight=WyJjb3JyZWN0bHkiLCJjb3JyZWN0IiwiY29ycmVjdGlvbiIsImNvcnJlY3Rpb25zIiwiY29ycmVjdGl2ZSIsImNvcnJlY3RlZCIsImNvcnJlY3RzIiwiY29yZWN0aW5nIiwiY29ycmVjdGx5LlwyMDEiXQ==","host":"roh.nhs.uk","quote":"In some people, the big toe slowly tilts back toward the original position and occasionally this is bad enough to need to have the operation redone.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W4","text":"Pain under ball of foot after surgery","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://roh.nhs.uk/services-information/foot-and-ankle/bunions?highlight=WyJjb3JyZWN0bHkiLCJjb3JyZWN0IiwiY29ycmVjdGlvbiIsImNvcnJlY3Rpb25zIiwiY29ycmVjdGl2ZSIsImNvcnJlY3RlZCIsImNvcnJlY3RzIiwiY29yZWN0aW5nIiwiY29ycmVjdGx5LlwyMDEiXQ==","host":"roh.nhs.uk","quote":"Therefore, if you have pain under the ball of the foot (“metatarsalgia”) it may be worse after bunion surgery and it may also develop for the first time.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Lists medicines to take at home, so the home doctor can continue them","document":"written discharge highlights","source":{"url":"https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/patient-guide-to-safe-surgery","host":"orthoinfo.aaos.org","quote":"The nurse will give you the highlights in writing, including a list of the 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Follow-up X-rays can be reviewed remotely."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check that the surgeon explains the goals, method, risks, complications and recovery plan","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/patient-guide-to-safe-surgery","host":"orthoinfo.aaos.org","quote":"It is important that you understand the goals of your surgery, how the surgery will be done, any possible risks or complications, and the plan for your recovery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check that you receive a consent form that clearly outlines the planned surgical procedure","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/patient-guide-to-safe-surgery","host":"orthoinfo.aaos.org","quote":"Your doctor will review, discuss and then ask you to sign a consent form that clearly outlines the planned surgical 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surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Check that the surgical site is confirmed with you and marked before the operation","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/patient-guide-to-safe-surgery","host":"orthoinfo.aaos.org","quote":"Your doctor will confirm the surgical site with you and then mark the correct area on your skin with a magic marker.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C6","text":"Check that new caregivers introduce themselves and explain their role in your treatment","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/patient-guide-to-safe-surgery","host":"orthoinfo.aaos.org","quote":"Ask new and unfamiliar caregivers to identify themselves and explain their role in your treatment.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"An offer of surgery only to change how the feet look is a warning sign","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bunions/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Surgery is not done just to improve how your feet look.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Surgery offered for a bunion that is not painful is a warning sign","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/bunions/","host":"orthoinfo.aaos.org","quote":"You should only consider surgery for a bunion that is painful.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"Surgery pushed before nonsurgical treatment has been tried is a warning sign","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/bunions/","host":"orthoinfo.aaos.org","quote":"If pain continues despite nonsurgical treatment, surgery is performed to correct the bunion and hallux valgus deformity.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Wound infection after surgery","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://roh.nhs.uk/services-information/foot-and-ankle/bunions?highlight=WyJjb3JyZWN0bHkiLCJjb3JyZWN0IiwiY29ycmVjdGlvbiIsImNvcnJlY3Rpb25zIiwiY29ycmVjdGl2ZSIsImNvcnJlY3RlZCIsImNvcnJlY3RzIiwiY29yZWN0aW5nIiwiY29ycmVjdGx5LlwyMDEiXQ==","host":"roh.nhs.uk","quote":"Infections in the wound and minor damage to the nerves of the toe can occur in any foot surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Severe, continuous pain that is debilitating","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://roh.nhs.uk/services-information/foot-and-ankle/bunions?highlight=WyJjb3JyZWN0bHkiLCJjb3JyZWN0IiwiY29ycmVjdGlvbiIsImNvcnJlY3Rpb25zIiwiY29ycmVjdGl2ZSIsImNvcnJlY3RlZCIsImNvcnJlY3RzIiwiY29yZWN0aW5nIiwiY29ycmVjdGx5LlwyMDEiXQ==","host":"roh.nhs.uk","quote":"The main symptom of chronic regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is pain, which can sometimes be severe, continuous and debilitating.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"Big toe slowly tilting back toward original position","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://roh.nhs.uk/services-information/foot-and-ankle/bunions?highlight=WyJjb3JyZWN0bHkiLCJjb3JyZWN0IiwiY29ycmVjdGlvbiIsImNvcnJlY3Rpb25zIiwiY29ycmVjdGl2ZSIsImNvcnJlY3RlZCIsImNvcnJlY3RzIiwiY29yZWN0aW5nIiwiY29ycmVjdGx5LlwyMDEiXQ==","host":"roh.nhs.uk","quote":"In some people, the big toe slowly tilts back toward the original position and occasionally this is bad enough to need to have the operation redone.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W4","text":"Pain under ball of foot after surgery","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://roh.nhs.uk/services-information/foot-and-ankle/bunions?highlight=WyJjb3JyZWN0bHkiLCJjb3JyZWN0IiwiY29ycmVjdGlvbiIsImNvcnJlY3Rpb25zIiwiY29ycmVjdGl2ZSIsImNvcnJlY3RlZCIsImNvcnJlY3RzIiwiY29yZWN0aW5nIiwiY29ycmVjdGx5LlwyMDEiXQ==","host":"roh.nhs.uk","quote":"Therefore, if you have pain under the ball of the foot (“metatarsalgia”) it may be worse after bunion surgery and it may also develop for the first time.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Lists medicines to take at home, so the home doctor can continue them","document":"written discharge highlights","source":{"url":"https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/patient-guide-to-safe-surgery","host":"orthoinfo.aaos.org","quote":"The nurse will give you the highlights in writing, including a list of the medications you will need to take.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Your bunion is linked to flat foot or joint stiffening","name":"Orthotic insoles","source":{"url":"https://roh.nhs.uk/services-information/foot-and-ankle/bunions?highlight=WyJjb3JyZWN0bHkiLCJjb3JyZWN0IiwiY29ycmVjdGlvbiIsImNvcnJlY3Rpb25zIiwiY29ycmVjdGl2ZSIsImNvcnJlY3RlZCIsImNvcnJlY3RzIiwiY29yZWN0aW5nIiwiY29ycmVjdGx5LlwyMDEiXQ==","host":"roh.nhs.uk","quote":"If your bunion is associated with a flat foot or some degenerative changes in the big toe joint (pain and stiffening of the joint), insoles (also known as orthoses) may be recommended.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A2","text":"You prefer a nonsurgical option and can wear wider shoes","name":"Wide-fitting shoes","source":{"url":"https://roh.nhs.uk/services-information/foot-and-ankle/bunions?highlight=WyJjb3JyZWN0bHkiLCJjb3JyZWN0IiwiY29ycmVjdGlvbiIsImNvcnJlY3Rpb25zIiwiY29ycmVjdGl2ZSIsImNvcnJlY3RlZCIsImNvcnJlY3RzIiwiY29yZWN0aW5nIiwiY29ycmVjdGx5LlwyMDEiXQ==","host":"roh.nhs.uk","quote":"Wide-fitting, low-heeled, extra-depth shoes with soft uppers will allow for the extra width of the foot, any under-riding or over-riding of the big toe and the prominence.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A3","text":"You have pain and stiffness in the joint from arthritis","name":"Corticosteroid injection","source":{"url":"https://roh.nhs.uk/services-information/foot-and-ankle/bunions?highlight=WyJjb3JyZWN0bHkiLCJjb3JyZWN0IiwiY29ycmVjdGlvbiIsImNvcnJlY3Rpb25zIiwiY29ycmVjdGl2ZSIsImNvcnJlY3RlZCIsImNvcnJlY3RzIiwiY29yZWN0aW5nIiwiY29ycmVjdGx5LlwyMDEiXQ==","host":"roh.nhs.uk","quote":"This helps reduce inflammation and may be helpful if you have pain and stiffness in the joint due to arthritis.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"technique_details":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"corrective-osteotomy","name":"Corrective osteotomy with soft-tissue realignment (e.g. for bunion)","how_it_works":{"text":"The bone is cut, repositioned, and held with small screws","source":{"url":"https://roh.nhs.uk/services-information/foot-and-ankle/bunions?highlight=WyJjb3JyZWN0bHkiLCJjb3JyZWN0IiwiY29ycmVjdGlvbiIsImNvcnJlY3Rpb25zIiwiY29ycmVjdGl2ZSIsImNvcnJlY3RlZCIsImNvcnJlY3RzIiwiY29yZWN0aW5nIiwiY29ycmVjdGx5LlwyMDEiXQ==","host":"roh.nhs.uk","quote":"The first metatarsal is cut through, repositioned and fixed with one or two screws.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"joint-fusion","name":"Joint fusion (arthrodesis)","how_it_works":{"text":"The big toe joint is fused, so it becomes stiffer","source":{"url":"https://roh.nhs.uk/services-information/foot-and-ankle/bunions?highlight=WyJjb3JyZWN0bHkiLCJjb3JyZWN0IiwiY29ycmVjdGlvbiIsImNvcnJlY3Rpb25zIiwiY29ycmVjdGl2ZSIsImNvcnJlY3RlZCIsImNvcnJlY3RzIiwiY29yZWN0aW5nIiwiY29ycmVjdGx5LlwyMDEiXQ==","host":"roh.nhs.uk","quote":"Surgery may involve cutting the bones and re-positioning them (known as osteotomies) or fusing the big toe (i.e. stiffening the big toe joint).","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"lesser-toe-correction","name":"Lesser-toe correction (e.g. tendon transfer, joint resection or fusion for hammertoe/claw toe)","how_it_works":{"text":"The surgeon removes part of a toe bone so the toe straightens","source":{"url":"https://www.orthoinfo.org/en/diseases--conditions/hammer-toe","host":"orthoinfo.org","quote":"In this procedure, your doctor will remove a small part of a bone in the toe joint to ensure that the toe can extend fully.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"joint-replacement","name":"Joint replacement or interposition arthroplasty (selected joints)","how_it_works":{"text":"The surgeon removes a damaged toe joint and replaces it","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/24891-toe-joint-replacement","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Toe joint replacement is surgery to remove a damaged toe joint and replace it with an artificial (manmade) joint.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1}}},"techniques":[{"id":"corrective-osteotomy","name":"Corrective osteotomy with soft-tissue realignment (e.g. for bunion)","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The bone is cut, repositioned, and held with small screws","source":{"url":"https://roh.nhs.uk/services-information/foot-and-ankle/bunions?highlight=WyJjb3JyZWN0bHkiLCJjb3JyZWN0IiwiY29ycmVjdGlvbiIsImNvcnJlY3Rpb25zIiwiY29ycmVjdGl2ZSIsImNvcnJlY3RlZCIsImNvcnJlY3RzIiwiY29yZWN0aW5nIiwiY29ycmVjdGx5LlwyMDEiXQ==","host":"roh.nhs.uk","quote":"The first metatarsal is cut through, repositioned and fixed with one or two screws.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Painful hallux valgus or other forefoot deformity with preserved joint cartilage","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Often protected weight-bearing in a special shoe for several weeks; varies with technique."},{"id":"joint-fusion","name":"Joint fusion (arthrodesis)","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The big toe joint is fused, so it becomes stiffer","source":{"url":"https://roh.nhs.uk/services-information/foot-and-ankle/bunions?highlight=WyJjb3JyZWN0bHkiLCJjb3JyZWN0IiwiY29ycmVjdGlvbiIsImNvcnJlY3Rpb25zIiwiY29ycmVjdGl2ZSIsImNvcnJlY3RlZCIsImNvcnJlY3RzIiwiY29yZWN0aW5nIiwiY29ycmVjdGx5LlwyMDEiXQ==","host":"roh.nhs.uk","quote":"Surgery may involve cutting the bones and re-positioning them (known as osteotomies) or fusing the big toe (i.e. stiffening the big toe joint).","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Advanced arthritis or rigid severe deformity of toe or midfoot/hindfoot joints","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Usually a period of restricted weight-bearing while bone heals; longer than for soft-tissue procedures."},{"id":"lesser-toe-correction","name":"Lesser-toe correction (e.g. tendon transfer, joint resection or fusion for hammertoe/claw toe)","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The surgeon removes part of a toe bone so the toe straightens","source":{"url":"https://www.orthoinfo.org/en/diseases--conditions/hammer-toe","host":"orthoinfo.org","quote":"In this procedure, your doctor will remove a small part of a bone in the toe joint to ensure that the toe can extend fully.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Fixed or flexible lesser-toe deformities causing pain or ulceration","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Usually shorter, with a protective shoe and early walking as directed by the surgeon."},{"id":"joint-replacement","name":"Joint replacement or interposition arthroplasty (selected joints)","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The surgeon removes a damaged toe joint and replaces it","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/24891-toe-joint-replacement","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"Toe joint replacement is surgery to remove a damaged toe joint and replace it with an artificial (manmade) joint.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Selected patients with arthritis, e.g. of the big toe joint, where motion preservation is desired","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Varies by implant and joint; protected mobilization followed by gradual return to activity."}],"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Your bunion is linked to flat foot or joint stiffening","name":"Orthotic insoles","source":{"url":"https://roh.nhs.uk/services-information/foot-and-ankle/bunions?highlight=WyJjb3JyZWN0bHkiLCJjb3JyZWN0IiwiY29ycmVjdGlvbiIsImNvcnJlY3Rpb25zIiwiY29ycmVjdGl2ZSIsImNvcnJlY3RlZCIsImNvcnJlY3RzIiwiY29yZWN0aW5nIiwiY29ycmVjdGx5LlwyMDEiXQ==","host":"roh.nhs.uk","quote":"If your bunion is associated with a flat foot or some degenerative changes in the big toe joint (pain and stiffening of the joint), insoles (also known as orthoses) may be recommended.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A2","text":"You prefer a nonsurgical option and can wear wider shoes","name":"Wide-fitting shoes","source":{"url":"https://roh.nhs.uk/services-information/foot-and-ankle/bunions?highlight=WyJjb3JyZWN0bHkiLCJjb3JyZWN0IiwiY29ycmVjdGlvbiIsImNvcnJlY3Rpb25zIiwiY29ycmVjdGl2ZSIsImNvcnJlY3RlZCIsImNvcnJlY3RzIiwiY29yZWN0aW5nIiwiY29ycmVjdGx5LlwyMDEiXQ==","host":"roh.nhs.uk","quote":"Wide-fitting, low-heeled, extra-depth shoes with soft uppers will allow for the extra width of the foot, any under-riding or over-riding of the big toe and the prominence.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A3","text":"You have pain and stiffness in the joint from arthritis","name":"Corticosteroid injection","source":{"url":"https://roh.nhs.uk/services-information/foot-and-ankle/bunions?highlight=WyJjb3JyZWN0bHkiLCJjb3JyZWN0IiwiY29ycmVjdGlvbiIsImNvcnJlY3Rpb25zIiwiY29ycmVjdGl2ZSIsImNvcnJlY3RlZCIsImNvcnJlY3RzIiwiY29yZWN0aW5nIiwiY29ycmVjdGx5LlwyMDEiXQ==","host":"roh.nhs.uk","quote":"This helps reduce inflammation and may be helpful if you have pain and stiffness in the joint due to arthritis.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"diagnostic":{"status":"not_applicable"},"country":{"why":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source","checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-02-09"},"travel":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"V1","item":"passport_validity","audience":"uk","volatile":true,"text":"The passport must have an expiry date at least 3 months after you plan to leave the Schengen area","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/spain/entry-requirements","host":"gov.uk","quote":"have an ‘expiry date’ at least 3 months after the day you plan to leave the Schengen area (the expiry date does not need to be within 10 years of the date of issue)","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V2","item":"medicines","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Carry prescription medication in its original packaging, along with your doctor's prescription","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Spain.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Always carry your prescription medication in original packaging, along with your doctor’s prescription.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V3","item":"prescriptions","audience":"us","volatile":false,"text":"Medications that require a prescription in the United States also require a local doctor's prescription in Spain","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Spain.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Medications requiring prescriptions in the United States also require a local doctor’s prescription in Spain.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V4","item":"ghic","audience":"uk","volatile":false,"text":"A GHIC or EHIC is needed to get medically necessary state healthcare in Spain","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/spain/health","host":"gov.uk","quote":"To get medically necessary state healthcare in Spain, you need a Global Health Insurance Card ( GHIC ) or a European Health Insurance Card ( EHIC ).","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V5","item":"hospital_payment","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Private hospitals usually require payment or proof of insurance or funds before admitting a patient","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Spain.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Private hospitals usually require payment or proof insurance or funds before admitting a patient.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V6","item":"emergency_number","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Dial 112 and ask for an ambulance","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/spain/health","host":"gov.uk","quote":"Dial 112 and ask for an ambulance.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2026-12-11","version":1},"other_countries_with_page":["china","germany","india","israel","italy","lithuania","poland","republic-of-korea","switzerland","turkey","ukraine","united-arab-emirates"]},"often_combined_with":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews":{"avg_rating":4.7,"count":500,"scope":"clinic","rating_scale":5,"pros":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"cons":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"current":{"seo_text":"<p>Reconstruction of foot joints and toes in Spain typically costs from _op_591_price_from_ to _op_591_price_to_. The final price depends on the surgical complexity, the clinic prestige, and the specific city. In the US, similar procedures cost around _price_compare_US_average_ on average. Spain offers savings of approximately _price_percent_discount_%. Most Spanish quotes include consultations, pre-operative testing, hospital stays, and follow-up care.</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Standard reconstruction:</strong> Costs typically start around 15-20% lower in regional centers than major hubs.</li>\n<li><strong>Advanced microsurgery:</strong> Specialized centers in Barcelona may charge significant premiums for complex nerve or vascular work.</li>\n<li><strong>Corrective osteotomy:</strong> Localized procedures for bunions generally represent the most affordable reconstructive entry point.</li>\n<li><strong>Ankle joint replacement:</strong> Usually requires higher budgets due to the cost of specialized prosthetic implants.</li>\n<li><strong>Major medical hubs:</strong> Barcelona and Madrid serve as the primary destinations for high-complexity orthopedic care.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Choosing Barcelona for complex cases provides access to elite surgeons like Joaquim Casañas at Centro Médico Teknon. He is a JCI-accredited specialist who has treated professional athletes from FC Barcelona and MotoGP. Clinics in Madrid, such as Hospital Universitario HM Montepríncipe, utilize advanced VITOM 3D systems. This technology enhances surgical precision and can reduce overall theatre time for patients.</p>","faq":[{"q":"Who are some of the top specialists for foot joint and toe reconstruction in Spain?","a":"<p>Top specialists for foot joint and toe reconstruction in Spain include Dr. Joaquim Casañas at Centro Médico Teknon and Dr. Pablo De La Cuadra at Hospital Ruber Internacional. These surgeons utilize arthroscopic techniques and minimally invasive reconstruction to restore mobility and correct orthopedic deformities.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Dr. Joaquim Casañas:</strong> Director of Traumaunit at the Joint Commission International-accredited Centro Médico Teknon in Barcelona.</li> <li><strong>Dr. Pablo De La Cuadra:</strong> Specialized traumatologist at Hospital Ruber Internacional with 25 years of surgical experience.</li> <li><strong>Dr. Inmaculada Gómez Arrayás:</strong> Head of Traumatology at Ruber Internacional and Forbes 100 best Spanish doctor.</li> <li><strong>Advanced surgical techniques:</strong> Clinics offer navigation-assisted surgery and stem cell therapy for trauma recovery.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While many surgeons focus on general orthopedics, some Spanish specialists prioritize high-performance outcomes. Dr. Joaquim Casañas's experience includes treating MotoGP athletes at a facility serving the 37th America's Cup. This high-stakes expertise often translates to better functional recovery for active patients.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients emphasize searching for dedicated Foot and Ankle Units for specialized care. Many recommend verifying the surgeon's experience with pin-based fixation for joint realignment and functional comfort.</p>"},{"q":"What conditions typically require reconstruction of foot joints and toes?","a":"<p>Foot joint and toe reconstruction is necessary for severe arthritis, advanced flat foot deformity, and chronic joint misalignment that causes unmanageable pain. These procedures restore mobility when cartilage loss allows bones to rub together or when ligament damage disrupts the structural integrity of the foot.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Severe arthritis:</strong> Fusion or reconstruction addresses Hallux Rigidus and rheumatoid arthritis complications effectively.</li> <li><strong>Arch collapse:</strong> Adult acquired flat foot requires tendon transfers and bone realignment procedures.</li> <li><strong>Toe deformities:</strong> Fixes chronic Hallux Valgus (bunions) and fixed hammertoes that limit footwear.</li> <li><strong>Structural damage:</strong> Repairs ruptured ligaments like the deltoid or posterior tibial tendons.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Spain attracts many international orthopedic patients because top surgeons like those at Centro Médico Teknon treat world-class athletes. Dr. Joaquim Casañas has managed cases for MotoGP stars, highlighting the high standard for trauma recovery. While US costs average _price_compare_US_average_, choosing a JCI-accredited Spanish facility offers roughly _price_percent_discount_% savings without sacrificing surgical precision.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients emphasize that recovery is a long-term commitment that often requires three months in a protective boot. Success depends heavily on following strict elevation protocols and starting intensive physical therapy early to prevent permanent joint stiffness.</p>"},{"q":"What is involved in reconstructing a fractured ankle joint in Spain?","a":"<p>Ankle reconstruction in Spain involves open reduction local fixation or arthroscopic techniques to stabilize fractured bones and repair ligaments. Surgeons use titanium plates, screws, or the Arthrex internal brace to restore anatomy. Procedures are performed at JCI-accredited facilities by specialists trained at institutions like the Mayo Clinic.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Surgical techniques:</strong> Surgeons perform open reduction and internal brace placement for optimal joint stability.</li> <li><strong>Pain management:</strong> Nerve blocks are frequently combined with general anesthesia to manage immediate post-operative discomfort.</li> <li><strong>Mobility restrictions:</strong> Patients remain non-weight bearing for 6 to 12 weeks to ensure bone fusion.</li> <li><strong>Advanced therapies:</strong> Leading clinics like Teknon Medical Center integrate stem cell therapy for complex reconstructions.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Spain attracts elite athletes because top surgeons here, such as Dr. Manuel Leyes, serve as consultants for teams like Real Madrid. Data shows that choosing a sports-medicine focused orthopedic center like Hospital Ruber Internacional provides access to advanced navigation systems and minimally invasive technologies not always available in standard orthopedic departments.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Expect significant initial pain that requires a strict medication schedule and nerve blocks. Success depends heavily on diligent physical therapy to regain dorsiflexion after the initial 2-month recovery period.</p>"},{"q":"What types of toe reconstruction are common?","a":"<p>Common toe reconstruction types include joint fusion, tendon transfers, and osteotomies to correct deformities like hammertoes or bunions. Specialized procedures like Austin-Akin or Chevron-Akin osteotomies realign the big toe, while minimally invasive techniques reduce pain and scarring during structural foot repairs.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Deformity correction:</strong> Joint fusion (arthrodesis) prevents relapse in rigid hammertoes or claw toes.</li> <li><strong>Bunion reconstruction:</strong> Austin-Akin or Lapidus bunionectomy realigns the big toe joint for function.</li> <li><strong>Tendon transfer:</strong> Flexible deformities are straightened by rerouting tendons to balance toe tension.</li> <li><strong>Minimally invasive surgery:</strong> MIS techniques allow for faster recovery and lower post-operative pain levels.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Spain ranks fourth globally for these procedures, partly because clinics like Hospital Ruber Internacional integrate 3-Tesla MRI for precise pre-operative mapping. Surgeons often prefer minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for bunion repair here. This approach reduces typical post-operative pain to a recorded 2/10 compared to traditional open surgeries.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Many patients find that resting for 4–6 weeks after joint fusion is vital for a successful recovery. They also emphasize using metatarsal pads or wide shoes to manage minor discomfort before surgical intervention.</p>"},{"q":"Where are the best centers for foot reconstruction located?","a":"<p>The best centers for foot reconstruction are located in major medical hubs like Madrid and Barcelona, Spain. These cities host Joint Commission International (JCI) accredited facilities specializing in arthroscopic surgery and complex joint preservation techniques for foot and toe deformities.</p><ul><li><strong>Top locations:</strong> Barcelona and Madrid dominate the market with 83 specialized clinics available.</li><li><strong>Accredited facilities:</strong> Centro Médico Teknon and Hospital Ruber Internacional maintain JCI and ISO certifications.</li><li><strong>Specialized surgeons:</strong> Experts like Dr. Manuel Leyes utilize advanced training from the Mayo Clinic.</li><li><strong>Cost efficiency:</strong> Spanish centers offer the procedure for _op_591_price_from_ to _op_591_price_to_.</li></ul><p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Spain ranks 4th globally for patient requests on our platform, largely due to surgeon credentials. Top specialists at Hospital Ruber Internacional and Centro Médico Teknon frequently hold dual fellowships from US institutions like the Cleveland Clinic or Mayo Clinic. Patients can access this Ivy League-level expertise for roughly _price_percent_discount_% less than average US costs.</p><p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> International patients highlight that major private hospitals in Madrid provide fluent English-speaking teams. They advise specifically verifying that your surgeon specializes in joint reconstruction rather than general orthopedics.</p>"}],"h2":[{"text":"Какая цена реконструкции суставов и пальцев стопы в Испании?","kind":"content"},{"text":"Преимущества и гарантии Bookimed","kind":"content"},{"text":"Ваш личный врач-координатор Bookimed","kind":"content"},{"text":"Лучшие клиники по Реконструкция суставов и пальцев стопы в Испании — 2 проверенных варианта с ценами","kind":"content"},{"text":"Обзор процедуры Реконструкция суставов и пальцев стопы в Испании","kind":"content"},{"text":"Лучшие специалисты по Реконструкция суставов и пальцев стопы в Испании — 7 докторов с отзывами и ценами","kind":"content"},{"text":"Отзывы о Bookimed: узнайте о реальном опыте пациентов","kind":"content"},{"text":"Поделитесь этим материалом","kind":"content"},{"text":"Видеоистории пациентов Bookimed","kind":"content"},{"text":"FAQ по Реконструкция суставов и пальцев стопы в Испании","kind":"content"},{"text":"Получить бесплатную консультацию","kind":"content"}]},"placeholders":{"price_from":"{{price_from}}","clinics_count":"{{clinics_count}}","cities_count":"{{cities_count}}","savings_pct":"{{savings_pct}}","data_date":"{{data_date}}"},"legal":{"restricted_markets":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"conflicts":[]}