{"key":"op_795_ES","page":{"url":"https://ru.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/procedure=zamena-aortalnogo-klapana/","procedure":{"id":795,"slug":"zamena-aortalnogo-klapana","name":"Замена аортального клапана","name_forms":{"plural":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"genitive":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"type":"surgery","grammar_number":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"parent_id":"heart-surgery","family_attribute":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"country":{"id":34,"iso":"ES","name":"Испания"},"currency":"USD","data_date":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"pages":{"clinics_url":"https://ru.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/procedure=zamena-aortalnogo-klapana/","cost_url":"https://ru.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/procedure=zamena-aortalnogo-klapana/cost/","best_url":{"status":"missing","reason":"template not live"}},"price":{"from":59500,"to":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"avg":{"value":59525,"method":"median","source":"offers"},"us":{"from":85000,"to":150000},"uk":{"from":30000,"to":38000},"by_technique":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"by_city":[{"city":"Барселона","from":59500},{"city":"Аликанте","from":24000},{"city":"Мадрид","from":28000}],"per_unit":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"factors":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"tiers":{"source":"offers","items":[{"tier":"standard","min":59525,"max":59525,"median":59525,"count":1}]},"comparison":[{"country_iso":"UA","from":9500,"to":16000},{"country_iso":"FR","from":32000,"to":46000},{"country_iso":"GB","from":30000,"to":38000},{"country_iso":"US","from":85000,"to":150000},{"country_iso":"IL","from":38000,"to":52000},{"country_iso":"TR","from":12000,"to":23300},{"country_iso":"MX","from":24000,"to":33000},{"country_iso":"DE","from":30000,"to":42000},{"country_iso":"CA","from":55000,"to":85000},{"country_iso":"AE","from":25000,"to":38000},{"country_iso":"TH","from":25000,"to":38000},{"country_iso":"PL","from":9000,"to":22500},{"country_iso":"KR","from":32000,"to":47000},{"country_iso":"CZ","from":22000,"to":32000},{"country_iso":"AT","from":32000,"to":45000},{"country_iso":"IT","from":30000,"to":38000},{"country_iso":"CN","from":17000,"to":32000},{"country_iso":"AU","from":48000,"to":63000},{"country_iso":"IN","from":7000,"to":11500},{"country_iso":"MY","from":17500,"to":26500},{"country_iso":"VN","from":9500,"to":13500},{"country_iso":"BR","from":22000,"to":38000},{"country_iso":"AZ","from":9900,"to":12000},{"country_iso":"DO","from":50000,"to":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},{"country_iso":"LT","from":43300,"to":44400},{"country_iso":"RO","from":13800,"to":17500}],"base_country":"US","base_is_fallback":false},"savings":{"pct":30,"variant":">=15%"},"package":{"included":["Consumable materials","General anesthesia","Hospitalization","Medications"],"excluded":["Transfer is not included"],"extra_charges":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"clinics":{"count":3,"items":[{"id":78,"name":"Centro Médico Teknon","city":"Barcelona","rating":4.7,"reviews_count":497,"accreditations":["Joint Commission International","European Foundation for Quality Management","THE IMTJ MEDICAL TRAVEL AWARD WINNER IN 2019","Patient choice in Neurology","Patient choice in Neurosurgery","Patient choice for Epilepsy treatment","World's Best Hospitals 2021 by Newsweek"],"rank":1,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Led by Dr. Xavier Ruyra Baliarda, a specialist with 30+ years in cardiac surgery and developer of valve repair patents. 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This procedure is recommended for patients with symptoms such as: shortness of breath fatigue chest pain dizziness or fainting reduced exercise tolerance Under the care of Dr. Javier Ruyra Baliarda, a pioneering cardiac surgeon with more than 35 years of experience, the surgery is planned with a highly personalized approach. Whenever feasible, advanced techniques are used to optimize safety, cardiac function, and long-term outcomes. What Is Included in the Package Preoperative Evaluation Before surgery, the patient undergoes a full cardiac assessment to confirm the indication and prepare the safest surgical plan. This may include: First consultation with Dr. Javier Ruyra Baliarda Review of previous cardiology reports and imaging Electrocardiogram (ECG) Echocardiogram Blood tests and coagulation profile Chest X-ray Cardiac CT scan or catheterization, if required Pre-anesthesia assessment Surgical Treatment The package includes: Aortic valve replacement surgery Advanced cardiac surgery techniques Full operating room expenses Cardiac surgical team fees Anesthesia fees Use of extracorporeal circulation / heart-lung machine if required Standard surgical materials and consumables Depending on the case, the implanted valve may be: biological, or mechanical The final choice depends on the patient’s age, medical history, and specialist recommendation. Hospital Stay 7 to 10 days of hospitalization Admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) after surgery, if needed Transfer to a private room after ICU stay Continuous monitoring by the cardiac team Postoperative Care The package also includes the initial postoperative care needed during hospitalization: Daily medical follow-up Pain control and recovery monitoring Cardiac and hemodynamic monitoring Respiratory physiotherapy and early mobilization Discharge report with medical recommendations Guidance on medication and recovery after discharge Estimated Length of Stay Hospital stay: 7–10 days Recommended stay in Barcelona: 10–14 days Expected Benefits The goal of surgery is to: restore proper blood flow through the aortic valve improve cardiac performance relieve symptoms such as fatigue and breathlessness reduce the risk of cardiac deterioration improve quality of life and long-term prognosis Who Is This Program For This treatment program is suitable for patients with: severe aortic stenosis aortic valve insufficiency symptomatic valve disease indication for surgical correction after cardiology evaluation Why Choose This Program Surgery performed by Dr. Javier Ruyra Baliarda, senior cardiac surgeon More than 35 years of experience in cardiac surgery Advanced surgical expertise and highly specialized approach Treatment at Centro Médico Teknon, one of Barcelona’s leading private hospitals Personalized care for international patient"}]},{"id":6225,"name":"Hospital Ruber Internacional","city":"Madrid","rating":5,"reviews_count":3,"accreditations":["Joint Commission International","International Organization for Standardization"],"rank":2,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":422,"name":"Hospital HM Nou Delfos","city":"Barcelona","rating":4.6,"reviews_count":5,"accreditations":["European Foundation for Quality Management","Certification according to DIN EN ISO 9001 by TÜV NORD CERT"],"rank":3,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}}]},"doctors":{"count":4,"languages":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"cities":[{"id":98,"slug":"barselona","name":"Барселона","clinics_count":1,"price_from":59500,"profile":{"city_type":"Mediterranean coastal city in Spain","access":["Barcelona Airport (BCN), 15 km southwest of city center"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona–El_Prat_Airport"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}},{"id":441,"slug":"alicante","name":"Аликанте","clinics_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"price_from":24000,"profile":{"city_type":"Mediterranean port city in Spain","access":["Alicante Airport (ALC), 9 km from the city"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alicante","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alicante%E2%80%93Elche_Airport"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}},{"id":346,"slug":"madrid","name":"Мадрид","clinics_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"price_from":28000,"profile":{"city_type":"Capital and largest city of Spain","access":["Madrid Barajas Airport (MAD), 13 km from Puerta del Sol"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid–Barajas_Airport"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}}],"offers":{"active":1,"active_with_related":1,"hospital_nights_median":5,"days_in_country_median":{"status":"missing","reason":"fewer than 10 offers with hotel days"},"top_offers":[{"id":"63ea4bff3930895f3e047234","clinic_id":78,"clinic_listed":true,"price":59525,"nights":5,"transfer":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"tests":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"meds":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"aftercare":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"guarantee":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"included":["General anesthesia","Medications","Consumable materials","Hospitalization"],"excluded":["Transfer is not included"],"other_services":"About the Procedure Aortic valve replacement is an advanced cardiac surgery performed to treat severe aortic valve stenosis or aortic valve insufficiency, conditions that can seriously affect blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body. This procedure is recommended for patients with symptoms such as: shortness of breath fatigue chest pain dizziness or fainting reduced exercise tolerance Under the care of Dr. Javier Ruyra Baliarda, a pioneering cardiac surgeon with more than 35 years of experience, the surgery is planned with a highly personalized approach. Whenever feasible, advanced techniques are used to optimize safety, cardiac function, and long-term outcomes. What Is Included in the Package Preoperative Evaluation Before surgery, the patient undergoes a full cardiac assessment to confirm the indication and prepare the safest surgical plan. This may include: First consultation with Dr. Javier Ruyra Baliarda Review of previous cardiology reports and imaging Electrocardiogram (ECG) Echocardiogram Blood tests and coagulation profile Chest X-ray Cardiac CT scan or catheterization, if required Pre-anesthesia assessment Surgical Treatment The package includes: Aortic valve replacement surgery Advanced cardiac surgery techniques Full operating room expenses Cardiac surgical team fees Anesthesia fees Use of extracorporeal circulation / heart-lung machine if required Standard surgical materials and consumables Depending on the case, the implanted valve may be: biological, or mechanical The final choice depends on the patient’s age, medical history, and specialist recommendation. 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This procedure is recommended for patients with symptoms such as: shortness of breath fatigue chest pain dizziness or fainting reduced exercise tolerance Under the care of Dr. Javier Ruyra Baliarda, a pioneering cardiac surgeon with more than 35 years of experience, the surgery is planned with a highly personalized approach. Whenever feasible, advanced techniques are used to optimize safety, cardiac function, and long-term outcomes. What Is Included in the Package Preoperative Evaluation Before surgery, the patient undergoes a full cardiac assessment to confirm the indication and prepare the safest surgical plan. This may include: First consultation with Dr. Javier Ruyra Baliarda Review of previous cardiology reports and imaging Electrocardiogram (ECG) Echocardiogram Blood tests and coagulation profile Chest X-ray Cardiac CT scan or catheterization, if required Pre-anesthesia assessment Surgical Treatment The package includes: Aortic valve replacement surgery Advanced cardiac surgery techniques Full operating room expenses Cardiac surgical team fees Anesthesia fees Use of extracorporeal circulation / heart-lung machine if required Standard surgical materials and consumables Depending on the case, the implanted valve may be: biological, or mechanical The final choice depends on the patient’s age, medical history, and specialist recommendation. Hospital Stay 7 to 10 days of hospitalization Admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) after surgery, if needed Transfer to a private room after ICU stay Continuous monitoring by the cardiac team Postoperative Care The package also includes the initial postoperative care needed during hospitalization: Daily medical follow-up Pain control and recovery monitoring Cardiac and hemodynamic monitoring Respiratory physiotherapy and early mobilization Discharge report with medical recommendations Guidance on medication and recovery after discharge Estimated Length of Stay Hospital stay: 7–10 days Recommended stay in Barcelona: 10–14 days Expected Benefits The goal of surgery is to: restore proper blood flow through the aortic valve improve cardiac performance relieve symptoms such as fatigue and breathlessness reduce the risk of cardiac deterioration improve quality of life and long-term prognosis Who Is This Program For This treatment program is suitable for patients with: severe aortic stenosis aortic valve insufficiency symptomatic valve disease indication for surgical correction after cardiology evaluation Why Choose This Program Surgery performed by Dr. Javier Ruyra Baliarda, senior cardiac surgeon More than 35 years of experience in cardiac surgery Advanced surgical expertise and highly specialized approach Treatment at Centro Médico Teknon, one of Barcelona’s leading private hospitals Personalized care for international patient","is_package":true}],"related_packages":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"other_packages":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_classified"}},"medical":{"indications":["Severe symptomatic aortic stenosis","Severe aortic regurgitation with symptoms or left ventricular dysfunction/dilation","Severe aortic valve disease in patients undergoing other cardiac surgery","Aortic valve endocarditis with structural damage or heart failure","Failed or degenerated prior aortic prosthesis in selected cases"],"contraindications":["Prohibitive operative risk or very limited life expectancy","Uncontrolled active endocarditis or sepsis; timing individualized","Severe comorbidity making cardiopulmonary bypass unsafe (relative)","Unable to take lifelong anticoagulation for mechanical valve (relative)","Severe frailty or advanced irreversible organ failure (relative)"],"operation_hours":{"min":3,"max":5,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operating time for isolated conventional surgical aortic valve replacement; excludes anesthesia preparation and ICU monitoring."},"anesthesia":["general"],"sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Single operation under one admission."},"stages":[{"code":"valve_replacement_surgery","label":"Aortic valve replacement operation","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed on the day of surgery."}}],"qualifier":"One-stage standalone surgical aortic valve replacement."},"hospital_nights":{"value":5,"source":"offers","parsed_details":{"min":5,"max":10,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Typical inpatient stay including 1-2 days of intensive care for uncomplicated conventional surgical valve replacement."}},"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":42,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery after uncomplicated sternotomy valve replacement, including walking program and cardiac rehabilitation."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":12,"max":24,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Counted from surgery: hospital stay plus 1-2 weeks nearby; 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30-day mortality about 1-3%, stroke 1-3%."},"revision_rate_pct":{"min":1,"max":5,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Reintervention on the valve within 10 years; higher for bioprostheses in young patients."},"success":{"metric":"Survival 5 years after isolated surgical aortic valve replacement","value":88,"horizon":"5 years","source":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"evidence_status":"limited"},"scars":"Midline sternotomy scar about 20-25 cm on the chest; smaller scars from drains. Minimally invasive approaches give shorter scars.","pain":"Moderate to significant sternotomy pain for the first days to weeks, controlled with analgesics; gradually improves over several weeks.","preparation":["Cardiac assessment with echocardiography, often coronary angiography or CT","Blood tests, ECG and chest imaging","Dental assessment to exclude infection sources","Review of current medications with the surgical team","Fasting before surgery as instructed","Smoking cessation and infection screening","Discussion of valve type (mechanical vs bioprosthetic)"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Intensive care and ward (days 0-10)","description":"Monitoring in ICU, removal of drains and pacing wires, early mobilization, then ward care.","restrictions":["No driving","Sternal precautions"]},{"phase":"Early home recovery (weeks 1-6)","description":"Gradual walking increase, wound healing, sternum bone healing, anticoagulation monitoring if needed.","restrictions":["No lifting over about 5 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surveillance."}}],"sources":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Confirm the surgeon is trained and experienced in the exact procedure you are considering, not just in surgery generally","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Verify that the surgeon is trained and experienced in performing the procedure you are considering.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Ask for certification information and the name of the body that certified the surgical setting","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Ask for certification information and the name of the certifying body when assessing a surgical setting.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that the surgeon who consults with you is the same person who will carry out the procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Check that the surgeon you consult with, will be the same person carrying out the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Expect two consultations with the treating surgeon before any surgery, which also gives you time to reconsider","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cosmetic-procedures/cosmetic-surgery-abroad/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"You should have 2 consultations with the surgeon treating you before any surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Ask whether a doctor is always present in the clinic and whether a high dependency or intensive care unit exists","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.bapras.org.uk/public/patient-information/cosmetic-surgery/cosmetic-surgery-abroad","host":"bapras.org.uk","quote":"Is there always a doctor in the clinic and is there a high dependency or intensive care unit?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"An advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Any advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Forceful persuasion or cheap, time-limited offers pushing you into a quick decision","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Don’t be pressured into quick decisions either through forceful persuasion or cheap, time limited offers.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"A price that sounds too good to be true probably is","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/news/articles/will-economic-uncertainty-drive-more-patients-overseas-for-plastic-surgery-what-to-consider-and-how-to-stretch-your-dollar-back-home","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"If the price sounds too good to be true, it probably is.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Leg or arm swelling, redness, warmth","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/a/article/aorticvalvereplacement","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"you have throbbing or cramping pain, swelling, redness and warmth in a leg or arm","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Sudden breathlessness with sharp chest pain","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/a/article/aorticvalvereplacement","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"you have sudden breathlessness, sharp chest pain (this may be worse when you breathe in) and a cough or you are coughing up blood","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"Coughing up blood","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/a/article/aorticvalvereplacement","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"you have sudden breathlessness, sharp chest pain (this may be worse when you breathe in) and a cough or you are coughing up blood","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W4","text":"Difficulty speaking or moving an arm or leg","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/a/article/aorticvalvereplacement","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"you have difficulty speaking or moving your arm or leg, or your face has dropped on one side","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W5","text":"Face dropped on one side","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/a/article/aorticvalvereplacement","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"you have difficulty speaking or moving your arm or leg, or your face has dropped on one side","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"The home doctor needs the extra blood-thinning medicine to continue treatment","document":"medication list","source":{"url":"https://www.plymouthhospitals.nhs.uk/display-pil/pil-tavi-procedure-8414","host":"plymouthhospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"As well as your usual medicines, you will usually be discharged with an additional blood thinning medicine.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["general"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":42,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Typical for desk-based work after uncomplicated surgical aortic valve replacement via sternotomy; physically heavy work usually takes longer."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":15,"max":35,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any major or minor in-hospital complication, mostly atrial fibrillation; 30-day mortality about 1-3%, stroke 1-3%."},"contraindications":["Prohibitive operative risk or very limited life expectancy","Uncontrolled active endocarditis or sepsis; timing individualized","Severe comorbidity making cardiopulmonary bypass unsafe (relative)","Unable to take lifelong anticoagulation for mechanical valve (relative)","Severe frailty or advanced irreversible organ failure (relative)"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":5,"max":10,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Typical inpatient stay including 1-2 days of intensive care for uncomplicated conventional surgical valve replacement."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":6,"max":12,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Light activity and walking earlier; strenuous exercise and heavy lifting after sternal healing and cardiologist clearance, often via cardiac rehabilitation."},"final_result_months":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Time to near-full functional recovery and symptom improvement after uncomplicated surgery; cardiac remodeling may continue longer."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":12,"max":24,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Counted from surgery: hospital stay plus 1-2 weeks nearby; needs surgeon clearance, stable echocardiogram, wound healing and stable anticoagulation."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Early wound and clinical check after surgery."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":30,"max":56,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Cardiology review with echocardiography to assess prosthesis function."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":90,"max":120,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Follow-up review of recovery and valve function; then periodic lifelong surveillance."}}],"indications":["Severe symptomatic aortic stenosis","Severe aortic regurgitation with symptoms or left ventricular dysfunction/dilation","Severe aortic valve disease in patients undergoing other cardiac surgery","Aortic valve endocarditis with structural damage or heart failure","Failed or degenerated prior aortic prosthesis in selected cases"],"main_risks":["Bleeding requiring re-exploration","Stroke or other embolic events","Atrial fibrillation","Heart block requiring pacemaker","Infection including sternal wound infection or prosthetic endocarditis","Acute kidney injury","Prosthesis-related problems: thrombosis, structural valve degeneration, paravalvular leak","Anticoagulation-related bleeding with mechanical valves","Death"],"pain":"Moderate to significant sternotomy pain for the first days to weeks, controlled with analgesics; gradually improves over several weeks.","preparation":["Cardiac assessment with echocardiography, often coronary angiography or CT","Blood tests, ECG and chest imaging","Dental assessment to exclude infection sources","Review of current medications with the surgical team","Fasting before surgery as instructed","Smoking cessation and infection screening","Discussion of valve type (mechanical vs bioprosthetic)"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Intensive care and ward (days 0-10)","description":"Monitoring in ICU, removal of drains and pacing wires, early mobilization, then ward care.","restrictions":["No driving","Sternal precautions"]},{"phase":"Early home recovery (weeks 1-6)","description":"Gradual walking increase, wound healing, sternum bone healing, anticoagulation monitoring if needed.","restrictions":["No lifting over about 5 kg","No pushing or pulling with arms","No driving until cleared"]},{"phase":"Return to activity (weeks 6-12)","description":"Return to desk work and light exercise; cardiac rehabilitation commonly attended.","restrictions":["Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous exercise until cleared"]},{"phase":"Full recovery (3-6 months)","description":"Return to full activity and maximum symptomatic benefit.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":42,"max":90,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery after uncomplicated sternotomy valve replacement, including walking program and cardiac rehabilitation."},"result_longevity":"Depends on prosthesis type: mechanical valves are very durable but require lifelong anticoagulation; bioprosthetic valves typically last roughly 10-20 years depending on age and other factors.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":1,"max":5,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Reintervention on the valve within 10 years; higher for bioprostheses in young patients."},"scars":"Midline sternotomy scar about 20-25 cm on the chest; smaller scars from drains. Minimally invasive approaches give shorter scars.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Single operation under one admission."},"stages":[{"code":"valve_replacement_surgery","label":"Aortic valve replacement operation","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed on the day of surgery."}}],"qualifier":"One-stage standalone surgical aortic valve replacement."},"success":{"metric":"Survival 5 years after isolated surgical aortic valve replacement","value":88,"unit":"percent","horizon":"5 years","population":"Adults with severe aortic stenosis undergoing isolated surgical valve replacement","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Conventional surgical AVR via median sternotomy with bioprosthetic valve","suits_whom":"Typically older patients or those who wish to avoid lifelong anticoagulation.","recovery":"Hospital stay about 5-10 days; return to normal activity about 6-12 weeks."},{"name":"Conventional surgical AVR with mechanical valve","suits_whom":"Typically younger patients able to take lifelong anticoagulation.","recovery":"Similar to bioprosthetic, with ongoing anticoagulation monitoring."},{"name":"Minimally invasive AVR (partial sternotomy or mini-thoracotomy)","suits_whom":"Selected patients with suitable anatomy at experienced centers.","recovery":"May allow somewhat faster recovery."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":3,"max":5,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operating time for isolated conventional surgical aortic valve replacement; excludes anesthesia preparation and ICU monitoring."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Recent echocardiogram report","Coronary angiography or coronary CT report","Cardiologist's letter or discharge summary","Chest CT or aortic CT angiogram report","Resting ECG tracing","Current medication list including anticoagulants"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single-stage surgery; 5-10 days in hospital plus about 1-2 weeks nearby before flying. Follow-up echocardiography can be done at home."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Confirm the surgeon is trained and experienced in the exact procedure you are considering, not just in surgery generally","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Verify that the surgeon is trained and experienced in performing the procedure you are considering.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Ask for certification information and the name of the body that certified the surgical setting","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Ask for certification information and the name of the certifying body when assessing a surgical setting.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that the surgeon who consults with you is the same person who will carry out the procedure","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Check that the surgeon you consult with, will be the same person carrying out the procedure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Expect two consultations with the treating surgeon before any surgery, which also gives you time to reconsider","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cosmetic-procedures/cosmetic-surgery-abroad/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"You should have 2 consultations with the surgeon treating you before any surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Ask whether a doctor is always present in the clinic and whether a high dependency or intensive care unit exists","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.bapras.org.uk/public/patient-information/cosmetic-surgery/cosmetic-surgery-abroad","host":"bapras.org.uk","quote":"Is there always a doctor in the clinic and is there a high dependency or intensive care unit?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"An advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Any advert or information that guarantees complete success should raise concerns.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Forceful persuasion or cheap, time-limited offers pushing you into a quick decision","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://travelaware.campaign.gov.uk/surgery-abroad-cut-out-the-risk/","host":"travelaware.campaign.gov.uk","quote":"Don’t be pressured into quick decisions either through forceful persuasion or cheap, time limited offers.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"A price that sounds too good to be true probably is","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.plasticsurgery.org/news/articles/will-economic-uncertainty-drive-more-patients-overseas-for-plastic-surgery-what-to-consider-and-how-to-stretch-your-dollar-back-home","host":"plasticsurgery.org","quote":"If the price sounds too good to be true, it probably is.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Leg or arm swelling, redness, warmth","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/a/article/aorticvalvereplacement","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"you have throbbing or cramping pain, swelling, redness and warmth in a leg or arm","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Sudden breathlessness with sharp chest pain","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/a/article/aorticvalvereplacement","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"you have sudden breathlessness, sharp chest pain (this may be worse when you breathe in) and a cough or you are coughing up blood","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W3","text":"Coughing up blood","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/a/article/aorticvalvereplacement","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"you have sudden breathlessness, sharp chest pain (this may be worse when you breathe in) and a cough or you are coughing up blood","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W4","text":"Difficulty speaking or moving an arm or leg","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/a/article/aorticvalvereplacement","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"you have difficulty speaking or moving your arm or leg, or your face has dropped on one side","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W5","text":"Face dropped on one side","urgency":"emergency","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/a/article/aorticvalvereplacement","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"you have difficulty speaking or moving your arm or leg, or your face has dropped on one side","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"The home doctor needs the extra blood-thinning medicine to continue treatment","document":"medication list","source":{"url":"https://www.plymouthhospitals.nhs.uk/display-pil/pil-tavi-procedure-8414","host":"plymouthhospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"As well as your usual medicines, you will usually be discharged with an additional blood thinning medicine.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Home doctor needs the dates for required blood tests and follow-up appointments","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://sbuhb.nhs.wales/about-us/individual-patient-commissioning/ipc-folder/advice-on-accessing-treatment-abroad","host":"sbuhb.nhs.wales","quote":"This should include any medication and doses, as well as any dates that blood tests and follow-up appointments must be carried out.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Your heart valve disease is mild or moderate","name":"Medicines for heart valve disease","source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/a/article/aorticvalvereplacement","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"Symptoms of mild or moderate heart valve disease can usually be treated with medicines.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A2","text":"Your heart valve is not seriously damaged","name":"Heart valve repair surgery","source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/a/article/aorticvalvereplacement","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"surgery to repair your heart valve, if it's not seriously damaged","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"technique_details":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"conventional-surgical-avr-via-median","name":"Conventional surgical AVR via median sternotomy with bioprosthetic valve","how_it_works":{"text":"The breastbone is opened so the surgeon can replace the valve","source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/a/article/aorticvalvereplacement","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"The surgeon makes a long cut down the centre of your chest, through your breastbone.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"conventional-surgical-avr-mechanical","name":"Conventional surgical AVR with mechanical valve","how_it_works":{"text":"The breastbone is opened so the surgeon can replace the valve","source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/a/article/aorticvalvereplacement","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"The surgeon makes a long cut down the centre of your chest, through your breastbone.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"minimally-invasive-avr","name":"Minimally invasive AVR (partial sternotomy or mini-thoracotomy)","how_it_works":{"text":"Small chest cuts give access to the heart for valve replacement","source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/a/article/aorticvalvereplacement","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"Sometimes it may be possible to replace your heart valve by making smaller cuts in your chest.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1}}},"techniques":[{"id":"conventional-surgical-avr-via-median","name":"Conventional surgical AVR via median sternotomy with bioprosthetic valve","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The breastbone is opened so the surgeon can replace the valve","source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/a/article/aorticvalvereplacement","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"The surgeon makes a long cut down the centre of your chest, through your breastbone.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Typically older patients or those who wish to avoid lifelong anticoagulation.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Hospital stay about 5-10 days; return to normal activity about 6-12 weeks."},{"id":"conventional-surgical-avr-mechanical","name":"Conventional surgical AVR with mechanical valve","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The breastbone is opened so the surgeon can replace the valve","source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/a/article/aorticvalvereplacement","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"The surgeon makes a long cut down the centre of your chest, through your breastbone.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Typically younger patients able to take lifelong anticoagulation.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Similar to bioprosthetic, with ongoing anticoagulation monitoring."},{"id":"minimally-invasive-avr","name":"Minimally invasive AVR (partial sternotomy or mini-thoracotomy)","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"Small chest cuts give access to the heart for valve replacement","source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/a/article/aorticvalvereplacement","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"Sometimes it may be possible to replace your heart valve by making smaller cuts in your chest.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Selected patients with suitable anatomy at experienced centers.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"May allow somewhat faster recovery."}],"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Your heart valve disease is mild or moderate","name":"Medicines for heart valve disease","source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/a/article/aorticvalvereplacement","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"Symptoms of mild or moderate heart valve disease can usually be treated with medicines.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A2","text":"Your heart valve is not seriously damaged","name":"Heart valve repair surgery","source":{"url":"https://111.wales.nhs.uk/Encyclopaedia/a/article/aorticvalvereplacement","host":"111.wales.nhs.uk","quote":"surgery to repair your heart valve, if it's not seriously damaged","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"diagnostic":{"status":"not_applicable"},"country":{"why":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source","checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-02-09"},"travel":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"V1","item":"passport_validity","audience":"uk","volatile":true,"text":"The passport must have an expiry date at least 3 months after you plan to leave the Schengen area","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/spain/entry-requirements","host":"gov.uk","quote":"have an ‘expiry date’ at least 3 months after the day you plan to leave the Schengen area (the expiry date does not need to be within 10 years of the date of issue)","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V2","item":"medicines","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Carry prescription medication in its original packaging, along with your doctor's prescription","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Spain.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Always carry your prescription medication in original packaging, along with your doctor’s prescription.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V3","item":"prescriptions","audience":"us","volatile":false,"text":"Medications that require a prescription in the United States also require a local doctor's prescription in Spain","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Spain.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Medications requiring prescriptions in the United States also require a local doctor’s prescription in Spain.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V4","item":"ghic","audience":"uk","volatile":false,"text":"A GHIC or EHIC is needed to get medically necessary state healthcare in Spain","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/spain/health","host":"gov.uk","quote":"To get medically necessary state healthcare in Spain, you need a Global Health Insurance Card ( GHIC ) or a European Health Insurance Card ( EHIC ).","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V5","item":"hospital_payment","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Private hospitals usually require payment or proof of insurance or funds before admitting a patient","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Spain.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Private hospitals usually require payment or proof insurance or funds before admitting a patient.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V6","item":"emergency_number","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Dial 112 and ask for an ambulance","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/spain/health","host":"gov.uk","quote":"Dial 112 and ask for an ambulance.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2026-12-11","version":1},"other_countries_with_page":["azerbaijan","colombia","cyprus","dominican-republic","germany","greece","india","israel","italy","japan","kazakhstan","lithuania","mexico","poland","republic-of-korea","romania","switzerland","thailand","turkey","ukraine"]},"often_combined_with":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews":{"avg_rating":4.7,"count":505,"scope":"clinic","rating_scale":5,"pros":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"cons":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"current":{"seo_text":"<p>Replacement of the aortic valve in Spain typically costs from _op_795_price_from_ to _op_795_price_to_. Prices primarily depend on the surgical approach, clinic prestige, and the specific prosthetic valve selected. Patients in the US usually pay _price_compare_US_average_ on average for this procedure. Choosing Spain offers a significant country-to-country saving of approximately _price_percent_discount_%. Standard Spanish hospital packages generally include the surgical procedure, anesthesia, hospitalization in the ICU, and the prosthetic valve itself.</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Minimally invasive TAVI:</strong> Typically costs between $25,000 and $35,000 for catheter-based procedures.</li>\n<li><strong>Traditional open-heart surgery:</strong> Often ranges from $30,000 to $50,000 depending on case complexity.</li>\n<li><strong>Regional variations:</strong> Major hubs include Barcelona and Madrid, with secondary centers in Marbella and Torrevieja.</li>\n<li><strong>Prestige clinics:</strong> Packages in Barcelona or Madrid often start 10-15% higher than in regional cities.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Choosing a specialist in Barcelona can provide world-class results for a predictable price. Packages at Centro Médico Teknon start around $43,450. This clinic is JCI-accredited and a top choice for international celebrities. For this budget, patients gain access to Dr. Xavier Ruyra Baliarda. He has 35 years of experience and is a global leader in the Ross procedure.</p>","faq":[{"q":"What are the risks and complications of aortic valve replacement in Spain?","a":"<p>Aortic valve replacement in Spain carries a low mortality risk of approximately 2% to 3% for standard surgeries. Risks include thrombosis, stroke, and cardiac arrhythmia. Spanish facilities utilize Joint Commission International (JCI) standards and minimally invasive techniques to maximize safety for international patients.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Success rate:</strong> Over 95% of procedures successfully improve heart function and patient quality of life.</li> <li><strong>Specific complications:</strong> Primary risks include surgical site infection, significant bleeding, or acute kidney injury.</li> <li><strong>Recovery timeline:</strong> Patients typically stay 5 days in-hospital and require 3-6 weeks before flying.</li> <li><strong>Surgeon expertise:</strong> Top specialists like Dr. Xavier Ruyra Baliarda possess over 35 years of experience.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Spain’s cardiac centers prioritize safety by offering the Ross procedure, which uses the patient's own tissue. Data from Centro Médico Teknon shows this technique is preferred by elite athletes. It often eliminates the need for lifelong anticoagulant medication, significantly reducing long-term bleeding risks.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Recovery requires strict monitoring of vitamin K intake and frequent walking to prevent clots. Patients emphasize using compression socks and confirming surgical clearance before flying back home after 3 weeks.</p>"},{"q":"Is TAVI (transcatheter aortic valve implantation) available in Spain?","a":"<p>Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is widely available in Spain at Joint Commission International-accredited centers in Madrid and Barcelona. This minimally invasive procedure serves as a standard alternative to open-heart surgery for treating aortic stenosis in high-risk patients. Spanish cardiology units use modern valve technologies within specialized catheterization labs.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Specialized facilities:</strong> Top-tier centers like Hospital Ruber Internacional and Centro Médico Teknon perform TAVI.</li> <li><strong>Surgeon expertise:</strong> Interventional cardiologists must complete residency plus specialized training for catheter-based valve implants.</li> <li><strong>Hospital stay:</strong> Patients typically require 5 days of hospitalization for monitoring post-valve replacement.</li> <li><strong>Recovery period:</strong> Clinical teams recommend a 14-day local recovery stay after hospital discharge.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Spain ranks among the top 4 global destinations for specialized medical requests. While TAVI is common in larger hubs like Madrid, not every private clinic offers it. Choosing a facility like Hospital HM Nou Delfos, which serves 400,000 patients annually, ensures access to established interventional cardiology protocols and experienced multidisciplinary heart teams.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients emphasize confirming that a clinic has a dedicated catheterization lab before booking. Many appreciate that the procedure is less invasive than surgical options, though specialized consultation remains a mandatory first step.</p>"},{"q":"What types of prosthetic valves are available for aortic valve replacement in Spain?","a":"<p>Spain offers international-standard aortic valve replacements including durable mechanical valves, biological pericardial tissue valves, and specialized homografts. Leading surgeons at JCI-accredited facilities مانند Centro Médico Teknon utilize advanced brands such as St. Jude, On-X, and Trifecta via open-heart or minimally invasive techniques.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Mechanical valves:</strong> Lifetime durability using pyrolytic carbon, requiring daily lifelong anticoagulation therapy.</li> <li><strong>Biological valves:</strong> Constructed from pericardial tissue, eliminating the need for long-term blood thinners.</li> <li><strong>Ross procedure:</strong> Advanced technique replacing the aortic valve with the patient's own pulmonary valve.</li> <li><strong>Homografts:</strong> Human donor valves typically reserved for specific medical cases like active endocarditis.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Spanish cardiac centers frequently favor pericardial tissue over traditional animal valves for biological replacements. Data indicates that top specialists like Dr. Xavier Ruyra Baliarda utilize these for increased durability. Patients seeking long-term biological solutions should specifically request pericardial tissue models, which are standard in high-volume Barcelona and Madrid clinics.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients emphasize choosing between mechanical and biological options based on their willingness to manage daily medication. Many recommend verifying if a biological valve is pericardial, as it often feels more durable for active lifestyles.</p>"},{"q":"What is the difference between TAVI and open-heart surgery for aortic valve replacement?","a":"<p>TAVI is a minimally invasive procedure using a catheter to place a new valve inside the old one. Conversely, open-heart surgery involves a chest incision and heart-lung machine to physically remove the diseased valve. Choice depends on age, surgical risk, and heart anatomy.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Approach method:</strong> TAVI uses femoral artery access while open-heart surgery requires a median sternotomy.</li> <li><strong>Typical duration:</strong> Open-heart surgery in Spain generally lasts 5.5 hours or more under general anesthesia.</li> <li><strong>Hospital stay:</strong> Patients typically spend 5 days in clinics like Centro Médico Teknon in Barcelona.</li> <li><strong>Recovery timeline:</strong> TAVI offers very fast recovery whereas open-heart surgery requires several weeks of rest.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Spanish centers like Centro Médico Teknon perform over 23,500 operations annually, often specializing in complex Ross procedures. This high volume allows surgeons like Dr. Xavier Ruyra Baliarda to utilize patented techniques that aren't widely available. While TAVI is faster, surgery remains the gold standard for younger patients due to superior long-term valve durability.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients under 65 often choose open-heart surgery because it allows for larger valve placement and better blood flow. Those over 75 prefer TAVI to avoid the exhaustion and soreness associated with traditional surgical recovery.</p>"},{"q":"How does the choice of surgical technique affect recovery for aortic valve replacement?","a":"<p>Surgical techniques for aortic valve replacement significantly dictate recovery speed and long-term lifestyle requirements. Minimally invasive approaches often reduce hospital stays to five days, while traditional open surgery requires six to eight weeks for initial healing and up to one year for full physiological recovery.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Surgical approach:</strong> Minimally invasive techniques reduce trauma, typically allowing for faster incision healing and mobilization.</li> <li><strong>Valve selection:</strong> Mechanical valves require lifelong anticoagulant therapy, while tissue valves eliminate daily blood thinners.</li> <li><strong>Sternal healing:</strong> Open surgery requires twelve weeks of lifting restrictions to ensure full bone fusion.</li> <li><strong>Recovery timeline:</strong> Initial activity resumes in eight weeks, but peak physical exertion takes one year.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Spain is a global hub for the Ross procedure, a complex technique where a surgeon replaces the aortic valve with the patient's own pulmonary valve. While standard replacements average $30,000 to $50,000, choosing a specialist like Dr. Xavier Ruyra Baliarda at Centro Médico Teknon provides access to patented techniques that can restore normal life expectancy and eliminate the need for lifelong medication.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Recovery involves a strict twelve-week ban on heavy lifting to protect the chest bone. Patients emphasize that early cardiac rehab is essential for regaining strength regardless of the valve type.</p>"},{"q":"Where are the best clinics for heart valve replacement located in Spain?","a":"<p>Spain's top-rated cardiac centers concentrate in Barcelona and Madrid, featuring Joint Commission International accredited facilities. Leading institutions like Centro Médico Teknon and Hospital Ruber Internacional specialize in minimally invasive valve replacement and the Ross procedure, performed by surgeons with European Board Certification.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Top Barcelona centers:</strong> Centro Médico Teknon and Hospital HM Nou Delfos offer advanced cardiac surgery.</li> <li><strong>Leading Madrid hospitals:</strong> Hospital Ruber Internacional is ranked among the top 6 Spanish hospitals.</li> <li><strong>Specialized surgical teams:</strong> Dr. Xavier Ruyra Baliarda performs patented techniques for complex valve replacements.</li> <li><strong>High-volume facility capacity:</strong> Major centers like HM Nou Delfos treat over 400,000 patients annually.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While many search for general cardiology, the strongest value in Spain lies in specialized private networks. Hospital HM Nou Delfos, part of Spain's largest private network, offers high-volume expertise. Booking at JCI-accredited clinics like Teknon ensures access to surgeons who treat elite global athletes.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients value surgeons from Spanish University Hospitals due to exceptionally high academic and entry standards. Expert advice suggests choosing programs performing over 100 aortic valve replacements annually for optimal results.</p>"}],"h2":[{"text":"Как это работает","kind":"content"},{"text":"Какая цена замены аортального клапана в Испании?","kind":"content"},{"text":"Предложения по замене аортального клапана в Испании — ноябрь 2026","kind":"content"},{"text":"Лучшие клиники по замене аортального клапана в Испании — 3 проверенных варианта с ценами","kind":"content"},{"text":"Обзор процедуры Замена аортального клапана в Испании","kind":"content"},{"text":"Получите медицинскую консультацию по замене аортального клапана в Испании: Выбирайте среди лучших специалистов в этой области","kind":"content"},{"text":"Видеоистории пациентов Bookimed","kind":"content"},{"text":"Отзывы о Bookimed: узнайте о реальном опыте пациентов","kind":"content"},{"text":"Поделитесь этим материалом","kind":"content"},{"text":"Ключевые факты о замене аортального клапана","kind":"content"},{"text":"FAQ по замене аортального клапана в Испании","kind":"content"},{"text":"Получить бесплатную консультацию","kind":"content"}]},"placeholders":{"price_from":"{{price_from}}","clinics_count":"{{clinics_count}}","cities_count":"{{cities_count}}","savings_pct":"{{savings_pct}}","data_date":"{{data_date}}"},"legal":{"restricted_markets":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"conflicts":[]}