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recurrence."}}],"sources":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check which repair technique is planned: rejoining the urethra or widening it with a cheek graft","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"The scar is either cut away and the urethra re-joined over a catheter or widened with a piece of cheek lining (buccal mucosa) over a catheter.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check that you are given a discharge summary of your admission when you leave hospital","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"When you leave hospital, you will be given a “draft” discharge summary of your admission.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that a urethrogram X-ray is arranged before the catheter is removed, to confirm healing","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"Before the catheter is removed, an X-ray (urethrogram) will be arranged alongside the catheter in the penis, approximately 3 weeks after your operation, to ensure that the area has healed.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check that outpatient follow-up is planned after catheter removal, about 12 weeks later","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"After catheter removal, you will be followed up in the outpatient clinic after 12 weeks.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Check that the surgeon who performs the repair is a urologist","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/urethral-stricture","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A urologist will remove the stricture and reconnect the healthy ends of your urethra.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C6","text":"Check that the provider gives you a recovery timeline for your specific treatment","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/urethral-stricture","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A healthcare provider will give you a better idea of your recovery timeline according to their recommended treatment.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"Consultation that does not mention the risk of a recurrent stricture needing more surgery","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"You may develop a recurrent stricture requiring further surgery or other treatment – this may affect up to 20% individuals.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Consultation or quote with no follow-up appointments with a provider planned after treatment","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/urethral-stricture","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"You’ll need follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider to ensure you’re healing properly and that scar tissue isn’t developing again.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"Warning sign: the consultation never mentions possible loss or change of erections after surgery","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"You may experience loss of or altered erections as a result of surgery to the urethra.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Increasing pain, wound discharge or swelling","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"Any increasing pain, wound discharge or swelling should be reported to your GP immediately.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Pain not controlled by prescribed painkillers","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.uclh.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/patient-information-pages/2nd-stage-urethroplasty","host":"uclh.nhs.uk","quote":"Pain which is not controlled by the prescribed pain killers","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":403}},{"id":"W3","text":"Fever of 38 C or higher","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":true,"source":{"url":"https://www.uclh.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/patient-information-pages/2nd-stage-urethroplasty","host":"uclh.nhs.uk","quote":"A fever of 100 (38 C) or higher","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":403}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Home doctor gets a record of the admission at discharge","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"When you leave hospital, you will be given a “draft” discharge summary of your admission.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Home doctor needs it to see whether the repaired area has healed","document":"urethrogram x-ray report","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"Before the catheter is removed, an X-ray (urethrogram) will be arranged alongside the catheter in the penis, approximately 3 weeks after your operation, to ensure that the area has healed.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Home doctors need the restrictions and follow-up instructions after surgery","document":"aftercare instructions","source":{"url":"https://www.uclh.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/patient-information-pages/2nd-stage-urethroplasty","host":"uclh.nhs.uk","quote":"To minimise complications you must not do any heavy lifting (nothing heavier than a full kettle of water) for two weeks You must not have sex for six weeks following surgery or until the wound has fully healed","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":403}},{"id":"T4","text":"It tells the home doctor when catheter removal is planned","document":"catheter-removal appointment","source":{"url":"https://www.uclh.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/patient-information-pages/2nd-stage-urethroplasty","host":"uclh.nhs.uk","quote":"You will receive a date for catheter removal 2-3 weeks after the surgery which will take place in clinic, or sometimes in our radiology (X-ray department) after a peri-catheter urethrogram.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":403}},{"id":"T5","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T6","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["general"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":7,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk work after single-stage anterior urethroplasty, with catheter in or just removed; manual labour usually longer."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":10,"max":30,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any early or late complication after anterior urethroplasty; most minor, serious ones under 5%."},"contraindications":["Unfit for anesthesia due to severe uncontrolled medical illness (relative)","Active urinary tract or urethral infection (postpone until treated)","Active local skin disease or infection at graft/flap donor site"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":14,"max":21,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Stay until catheter removal; hospital admission usually 1-3 nights."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":4,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Strenuous activity, cycling and heavy lifting are usually avoided longer after perineal bulbar repair; surgeon-dependent."},"final_result_months":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Time to stable voiding and healing after uncomplicated primary repair; recurrence surveillance continues longer."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":14,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Usually after catheter removal and satisfactory voiding or urethrogram; earlier with catheter in place if surgeon agrees."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"other","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":14,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Catheter removal, usually after pericatheter urethrogram or voiding cystourethrogram in many centres."}},{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":10,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Wound check, often at or around catheter removal."}},{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":90,"max":120,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Uroflowmetry and post-void residual assessment, about 3-4 months."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":180,"max":365,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Longer-term symptom and flow surveillance for recurrence."}}],"indications":["Symptomatic anterior urethral stricture, especially recurrent after dilation or urethrotomy","Long or dense urethral strictures unsuitable for endoscopic treatment","Posterior urethral stenosis or distraction defect after pelvic fracture trauma","Failed hypospadias repair or other urethral defects needing reconstruction"],"main_risks":["Stricture recurrence","Bleeding or hematoma","Wound infection or urinary tract infection","Urethral fistula or diverticulum","Erectile dysfunction (usually temporary)","Post-micturition dribbling, ejaculatory changes or numbness at perineum/donor site","Oral graft donor-site pain or numbness (if buccal mucosa used)","Anesthesia-related and positioning-related complications"],"pain":"Moderate postoperative pain for the first several days, controlled with oral analgesics; catheter discomfort and bladder spasms are common. Oral graft donor sites can be sore for about 1-2 weeks.","preparation":["Urethral imaging (retrograde urethrogram/voiding cystourethrogram), uroflowmetry and often cystoscopy","Urine culture and treatment of any infection beforehand","Pre-anesthesia assessment and standard blood tests","Review of medications and smoking cessation advice","Fasting as instructed by anesthesia team","Suprapubic catheter or diversion arranged if in retention"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Hospital stay (days 0-3)","description":"Catheter in place, pain control, early mobilisation, perineal or penile dressing.","restrictions":["Limited activity","Avoid straining"]},{"phase":"Catheter period (about 2-3 weeks)","description":"Home recovery with urethral catheter; imaging often performed before removal.","restrictions":["No heavy lifting","No cycling or sitting astride","Avoid sexual activity"]},{"phase":"After catheter removal (weeks 3-6)","description":"Return to normal voiding, gradual resumption of daily activity.","restrictions":["Avoid strenuous exercise","Avoid sexual activity until cleared by surgeon"]},{"phase":"Months 3-6","description":"Flow assessment and full return to activity; ongoing surveillance.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery to routine daily activities after uncomplicated single-stage anterior urethroplasty."},"result_longevity":"Many repairs remain durable long term, particularly anastomotic urethroplasty; recurrence can occur years later, so periodic flow surveillance is advised.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":8,"max":20,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Stricture recurrence needing repeat dilation, urethrotomy or repeat urethroplasty within about 5 years."},"scars":"Perineal, penile or circumcising-type incision depending on the approach, usually healing to a well-concealed scar; oral graft donor site heals inside the mouth without visible scar.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Single-stage urethroplasty; staged repairs are used for complex cases only."},"stages":[{"code":"urethroplasty_surgery","label":"Single-stage urethral reconstruction","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed at the initial operation."}}],"qualifier":"Typical single-stage primary anterior urethroplasty in adults."},"success":{"metric":"Stricture-free voiding without further intervention","value":85,"unit":"percent","horizon":"5 years","population":"Adults after primary single-stage anterior urethroplasty for bulbar stricture","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Excision and primary anastomosis","suits_whom":"Short bulbar strictures (generally under 2-2.5 cm).","recovery":"Catheter about 2-3 weeks; return to desk work in 1-2 weeks."},{"name":"Buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty (dorsal, ventral or lateral onlay)","suits_whom":"Longer bulbar or penile strictures not suitable for anastomosis.","recovery":"Catheter about 2-3 weeks; temporary mouth discomfort at donor site."},{"name":"Staged urethroplasty","suits_whom":"Complex or penile strictures with poor local tissue, lichen sclerosus or failed prior repair.","recovery":"Involves two operations several months apart."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":2,"max":4,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operative time for typical single-stage anterior urethroplasty; longer with graft harvest or complex reconstruction."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Retrograde urethrogram images and report","Voiding cystourethrogram images and report","Uroflowmetry report","Cystoscopy or urethroscopy report","Prior urethral surgery or dilation records","Recent urine culture result"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single-stage repair: stay 2-3 weeks until catheter removal, or leave earlier with home removal. Staged repairs need two trips."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check which repair technique is planned: rejoining the urethra or widening it with a cheek graft","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"The scar is either cut away and the urethra re-joined over a catheter or widened with a piece of cheek lining (buccal mucosa) over a catheter.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check that you are given a discharge summary of your admission when you leave hospital","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"When you leave hospital, you will be given a “draft” discharge summary of your admission.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that a urethrogram X-ray is arranged before the catheter is removed, to confirm healing","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"Before the catheter is removed, an X-ray (urethrogram) will be arranged alongside the catheter in the penis, approximately 3 weeks after your operation, to ensure that the area has healed.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check that outpatient follow-up is planned after catheter removal, about 12 weeks later","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"After catheter removal, you will be followed up in the outpatient clinic after 12 weeks.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Check that the surgeon who performs the repair is a urologist","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/urethral-stricture","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A urologist will remove the stricture and reconnect the healthy ends of your urethra.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C6","text":"Check that the provider gives you a recovery timeline for your specific treatment","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/urethral-stricture","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"A healthcare provider will give you a better idea of your recovery timeline according to their recommended treatment.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"Consultation that does not mention the risk of a recurrent stricture needing more surgery","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"You may develop a recurrent stricture requiring further surgery or other treatment – this may affect up to 20% individuals.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Consultation or quote with no follow-up appointments with a provider planned after treatment","scope":"treatment_type","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/urethral-stricture","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"You’ll need follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider to ensure you’re healing properly and that scar tissue isn’t developing again.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"Warning sign: the consultation never mentions possible loss or change of erections after surgery","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"You may experience loss of or altered erections as a result of surgery to the urethra.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"W1","text":"Increasing pain, wound discharge or swelling","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"Any increasing pain, wound discharge or swelling should be reported to your GP immediately.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"W2","text":"Pain not controlled by prescribed painkillers","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":false,"source":{"url":"https://www.uclh.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/patient-information-pages/2nd-stage-urethroplasty","host":"uclh.nhs.uk","quote":"Pain which is not controlled by the prescribed pain killers","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":403}},{"id":"W3","text":"Fever of 38 C or higher","urgency":"contact_clinic","general":true,"source":{"url":"https://www.uclh.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/patient-information-pages/2nd-stage-urethroplasty","host":"uclh.nhs.uk","quote":"A fever of 100 (38 C) or higher","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":403}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Home doctor gets a record of the admission at discharge","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"When you leave hospital, you will be given a “draft” discharge summary of your admission.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Home doctor needs it to see whether the repaired area has healed","document":"urethrogram x-ray report","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"Before the catheter is removed, an X-ray (urethrogram) will be arranged alongside the catheter in the penis, approximately 3 weeks after your operation, to ensure that the area has healed.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Home doctors need the restrictions and follow-up instructions after surgery","document":"aftercare instructions","source":{"url":"https://www.uclh.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/patient-information-pages/2nd-stage-urethroplasty","host":"uclh.nhs.uk","quote":"To minimise complications you must not do any heavy lifting (nothing heavier than a full kettle of water) for two weeks You must not have sex for six weeks following surgery or until the wound has fully healed","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":403}},{"id":"T4","text":"It tells the home doctor when catheter removal is planned","document":"catheter-removal appointment","source":{"url":"https://www.uclh.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/patient-information-pages/2nd-stage-urethroplasty","host":"uclh.nhs.uk","quote":"You will receive a date for catheter removal 2-3 weeks after the surgery which will take place in clinic, or sometimes in our radiology (X-ray department) after a peri-catheter urethrogram.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":403}},{"id":"T5","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T6","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"You would rather not have open repair of the urethra","name":"Optical urethrotomy","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"What are the alternatives to the procedure? Observation, optical urethrotomy, repeated stretching using metal/plastic dilators","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A2","text":"You prefer repeated stretching over open repair","name":"Repeated urethral stretching","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"What are the alternatives to the procedure? Observation, optical urethrotomy, repeated stretching using metal/plastic dilators","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A3","text":"Your condition may be managed without immediate reconstructive surgery","name":"Observation","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"Observation, optical urethrotomy, repeated stretching using metal/plastic dilators","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"technique_details":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"excision","name":"Excision and primary anastomosis","how_it_works":{"text":"The scarred part is cut away and the urethra is rejoined","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"The scar is either cut away and the urethra re-joined over a catheter or widened with a piece of cheek lining (buccal mucosa) over a catheter.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"buccal-mucosa-graft","name":"Buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty (dorsal, ventral or lateral onlay)","how_it_works":{"text":"A piece of cheek lining is used to widen the urethra","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"The scar is either cut away and the urethra re-joined over a catheter or widened with a piece of cheek lining (buccal mucosa) over a catheter.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"staged-urethroplasty","name":"Staged urethroplasty","how_it_works":{"text":"Repair is completed in stages when a single operation is unsuitable","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458800/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"A one-stage urethroplasty is preferable to avoid a protracted treatment course with multiple interventions after dilation and direct vision internal urethrotomy.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1}}},"techniques":[{"id":"excision","name":"Excision and primary anastomosis","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The scarred part is cut away and the urethra is rejoined","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"The scar is either cut away and the urethra re-joined over a catheter or widened with a piece of cheek lining (buccal mucosa) over a catheter.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Short bulbar strictures (generally under 2-2.5 cm).","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Catheter about 2-3 weeks; return to desk work in 1-2 weeks."},{"id":"buccal-mucosa-graft","name":"Buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty (dorsal, ventral or lateral onlay)","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"A piece of cheek lining is used to widen the urethra","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"The scar is either cut away and the urethra re-joined over a catheter or widened with a piece of cheek lining (buccal mucosa) over a catheter.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Longer bulbar or penile strictures not suitable for anastomosis.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Catheter about 2-3 weeks; temporary mouth discomfort at donor site."},{"id":"staged-urethroplasty","name":"Staged urethroplasty","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"Repair is completed in stages when a single operation is unsuitable","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6458800/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"A one-stage urethroplasty is preferable to avoid a protracted treatment course with multiple interventions after dilation and direct vision internal urethrotomy.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Complex or penile strictures with poor local tissue, lichen sclerosus or failed prior repair.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Involves two operations several months apart."}],"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"You would rather not have open repair of the urethra","name":"Optical urethrotomy","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"What are the alternatives to the procedure? Observation, optical urethrotomy, repeated stretching using metal/plastic dilators","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A2","text":"You prefer repeated stretching over open repair","name":"Repeated urethral stretching","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"What are the alternatives to the procedure? Observation, optical urethrotomy, repeated stretching using metal/plastic dilators","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A3","text":"Your condition may be managed without immediate reconstructive surgery","name":"Observation","source":{"url":"https://www.newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk/services/urology/urology-reconstruction-and-continence/urethroplasty-buccal-patch-or-anastomotic/","host":"newcastle-hospitals.nhs.uk","quote":"Observation, optical urethrotomy, repeated stretching using metal/plastic dilators","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"diagnostic":{"status":"not_applicable"},"country":{"why":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"Y1","text":"Turkey's Ministry of Health publishes lists of authorized healthcare providers and facilitators holding authorization certificates","specialties":[],"source":{"url":"https://shgmturizmdb.saglik.gov.tr/EN-69410/announcements.html","host":"shgmturizmdb.saglik.gov.tr","quote":"Updated lists of healthcare providers and facilitators that have been granted authorization certificates by the Ministry","tier":"government","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-05-11","version":1},"travel":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"V1","item":"visa","audience":"uk","volatile":true,"text":"UK citizen passport holders can visit Turkey without a visa for up to 90 days in any 180-day period, for business or tourism","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/entry-requirements","host":"gov.uk","quote":"You can visit Turkey without a visa for up to 90 days in any 180-day period, for business or tourism.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V2","item":"visa","audience":"us","volatile":true,"text":"US ordinary passport holders are exempt from a visa for up to 90 days in any 180-day period in Turkey","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Turkey.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Ordinary passport holders are exempted from visa up to 90 days in any 180-day period.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V3","item":"passport_validity","audience":"uk","volatile":true,"text":"A UK passport must expire at least 150 days after arrival in Turkey and have at least 1 blank page","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/entry-requirements","host":"gov.uk","quote":"To enter Turkey, your passport must have an ‘expiry date’ at least 150 days after the date you arrive and at least 1 blank page.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V4","item":"passport_validity","audience":"us","volatile":true,"text":"A US passport must be valid for six months beyond the entry date into Turkey","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Turkey.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Passports must be valid for six months beyond your entry date.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V5","item":"prescriptions","audience":"uk","volatile":false,"text":"British prescriptions are not accepted in pharmacies in Turkey","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/health","host":"gov.uk","quote":"British prescriptions are not accepted in pharmacies in Turkey.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V6","item":"emergency_number","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Dial 112 and ask for an ambulance in Turkey","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/health","host":"gov.uk","quote":"Dial 112 and ask for an ambulance.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2026-12-11","version":1},"other_countries_with_page":["azerbaijan","china","colombia","cyprus","germany","india","israel","italy","mexico","poland","republic-of-korea","romania","spain","switzerland","thailand","ukraine"]},"often_combined_with":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews":{"avg_rating":4.59,"count":2492,"scope":"clinic","rating_scale":5,"pros":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"cons":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"current":{"seo_text":"<p>Urethroplasty in Turkey typically costs from _op_964_price_from_ to _op_964_price_to_. The final price depends on the stricture complexity, the surgical technique used, and the clinic location. Patients save around _price_percent_discount_% compared to the US, where the average cost is _price_compare_US_average_. Standard Turkish packages usually include the surgery, anesthesia, hospital stay, and airport transfers in major hubs like Istanbul.</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Uretheroplasty:</strong> _op_1048_price_from_ to _op_1048_price_to_ for reconstructive repair of the urethra.</li>\n<li><strong>Ureteral stenting:</strong> _op_784_price_from_ to _op_784_price_to_ to ensure urinary flow during healing.</li>\n<li><strong>Graft techniques:</strong> Reconstructions using buccal mucosa or other tissue grafts typically add 40-50% to costs.</li>\n<li><strong>Robotic-assisted surgery:</strong> Advanced precision using systems like da Vinci adds a premium over open techniques.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Choosing JCI-accredited centers in Istanbul offers high-tier technology at competitive rates. For instance, Hisar Hospital Intercontinental provides da Vinci robotic systems and all-inclusive services for approximately $6,700. Patients benefit from experienced surgeons like Prof. Dr. Fatih Kurtuluş, who holds FEBU certification. Opting for clinics with high international patient volumes ensures smoother logistics and specialized post-operative care.</p>","faq":[{"q":"Is Turkey safe for medical travel for urethroplasty?","a":"<p>Turkey is a safe destination for urethroplasty when performed at Joint Commission International accredited hospitals by board-certified urologists. The country maintains high safety standards through Ministry of Health regulations, offering advanced techniques like buccal mucosa grafting with success rates between 85% and 95% in top-tier facilities.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Hospital accreditation:</strong> Leading centers like Anadolu Medical Center hold Joint Commission International and ISO certifications.</li> <li><strong>Surgeon expertise:</strong> Specialists like Dr. Fatih Kurtulus are Fellows of the European Board of Urology.</li> <li><strong>Advanced technology:</strong> Top-tier clinics utilize the Da Vinci Surgical System for complex reconstructive urological procedures.</li> <li><strong>Recovery period:</strong> Patients should stay 10–14 days in-country for essential post-operative monitoring and healing.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Bookimed data shows a significant expertise gap that patients often overlook. While many clinics offer general urology, true safety lies with surgeons like Dr. Bugra Cetin or Dr. Elnur Allahverdiyev who specialize specifically in reconstructive techniques like buccal mucosal grafting. Choosing a specialized reconstructive surgeon over a generalist is the most critical factor for avoiding complications in Turkey.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients emphasize the need for strict infection control and suggest budgeting for potential revision travel. They recommend prioritizing surgeons with high annual procedure volumes and documented academic research results over general clinic ratings.</p>"},{"q":"What is the success rate for urethroplasty in Turkey?","a":"<p>Success rates for urethroplasty in Turkey typically range from 80% to 95% depending on the specific surgical technique. Modern Turkish urology centers achieve high outcomes using advanced methods like end-to-end anastomosis and buccal mucosa grafting to repair complex urethral strictures effectively.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Anastomotic technique:</strong> Reported success rates for end-to-end repairs range from 85.9% to 94.2%.</li> <li><strong>Buccal mucosa graft:</strong> Oral tissue grafts show success between 83.3% and 86.3% for long strictures.</li> <li><strong>Specialized approaches:</strong> Kulkarni one-stage oral mucosa grafting reaches an 88.6% success rate in Turkey.</li> <li><strong>Patient age factor:</strong> Clinical data shows a 94.9% success rate for patients under age 60.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While many clinics offer general urology, success in urethroplasty depends on surgeon volume. Leaders like Dr. Bugra Cetin at Uroaesthetic or Prof. Dr. Baris Nuhoglu have performed hundreds of reconstructive procedures. Choosing a high-volume specialist is more critical for long-term success than the hospital size alone.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients emphasize that success is highly surgeon-dependent. Most advise reviewing pre-operative imaging with a home urologist and prioritizing surgeons with over 100 documented cases.</p>"},{"q":"Which cities in Turkey are best for urethroplasty?","a":"<p>Istanbul is the premier city for urethroplasty in Turkey, offering the highest density of Joint Commission International accredited hospitals and specialized reconstructive urologists. Ankara and Antalya also provide advanced urological care, featuring expert surgeons who utilize buccal mucosal grafts and robotic-assisted techniques for complex urethral strictures.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Istanbul facilities:</strong> Memorial Şişli Hospital and Hisar Hospital Intercontinental lead in complex reconstructive procedures.</li> <li><strong>Expert surgeons:</strong> Associate Professor Basri Cakiroglu and Professor Fatih Kurtuluş offer decades of specialization.</li> <li><strong>Advanced technology:</strong> Top centers utilize 3T MRI, 256-slice CT, and da Vinci robotic systems.</li> <li><strong>Clinical standards:</strong> Many Istanbul clinics maintain affiliations with American institutions like Johns Hopkins Hospital.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While Istanbul hosts the most facilities, Anadolu Medical Center stands out for following American treatment standards. Choosing a clinic with an international coordinator is vital for urethroplasty. These specialists manage the essential 2–4 day hospital stay and coordinate long-term post-operative follow-up logistics remotely.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients emphasize that a surgeon's specific experience with urethral reconstruction matters more than the city. They value clinics with English-speaking staff and strong international networks for easier second opinions.</p>"},{"q":"Who are the top urologists performing urethroplasty in Turkey?","a":"<p>Top urologists for urethroplasty in Turkey include Assoc. Prof. Basri Cakiroglu and Dr. Elnur Allahverdiyev, who specialize in complex reconstructive repairs at JCI-accredited centers like Hisar Hospital and Anadolu Medical Center. These specialists utilize advanced buccal mucosal grafts and robotic-assisted techniques to treat urethral strictures effectively.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Dr. Elnur Allahverdiyev:</strong> Expert at Anadolu Medical Center specializing in reconstructive urology and mucosal grafts.</li> <li><strong>Prof. Fatih Kurtulus:</strong> Fellow of the European Board of Urology with advanced robotic surgery training.</li> <li><strong>Assoc. Prof. Basri Cakiroglu:</strong> Features 30+ years of experience handling pediatric and adult reconstructive cases.</li> <li><strong>Dr. Sercan Yilmaz:</strong> Specialist at Liv Hospital Ulus focusing on complex graft urethroplasty surgeries.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While many choose famous names, look for surgeons at Anadolu Medical Center. Their affiliation with Johns Hopkins Medicine ensures access to international stricture protocols. This partnership often provides higher safety standards for complex secondary reconstructions than smaller private boutiques.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients recommend prioritizing major Istanbul networks for better English-speaking support. Most travelers report a faster recovery with catheters removed after 2–3 weeks following successful anastomotic techniques.</p>"},{"q":"What are the potential risks or complications of urethroplasty?","a":"<p>Urethroplasty in Turkey remains the gold standard for urethral strictures with success rates reaching 95%. Potential complications include stricture recurrence in 10% to 15% of cases, temporary urinary dribbling, and rare sexual dysfunction. Specialists at JCI-accredited Istanbul clinics use buccal mucosal grafts to minimize long-term risks.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Recurrence risk:</strong> Scar tissue returns in approximately 10% to 20% of reconstructive cases.</li> <li><strong>Urinary changes:</strong> Post-void dribbling or a spraying stream may persist for 3 to 12 months.</li> <li><strong>Sexual function:</strong> Temporary erectile dysfunction or reduced sensation may occur during nerve regeneration.</li> <li><strong>Donor site issues:</strong> Mouth pain or numbness follows buccal mucosal graft harvesting for several weeks.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While many focus on surgery, the primary differentiator for success in Turkey is catheter management. Leading centers like Anadolu Medical Center, affiliated with Johns Hopkins, utilize specific protocols for the 3-week catheter period. This focus significantly reduces the risk of urethrocutaneous fistulas compared to shorter, non-standardized recovery timelines.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Most patients describe the three-week foley catheter as the most challenging part of recovery. They often recommend planning at least one month off work to manage localized discomfort and initial urinary spraying.</p>"},{"q":"Which hospitals are recommended for international patients undergoing urethroplasty in Turkey?","a":"<p>Recommended Turkish hospitals for urethroplasty include memorial Sisli, Hisar Hospital Intercontinental, and Anadolu Medical Center. These facilities offer specialized reconstructive urology departments and JCI-accredited care. Key specialists include Professor Fatih Kurtulus and Associate Professor Basri Cakiroglu, who use advanced buccal mucosa graft techniques for complex reconstructions.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Anadolu Medical Center:</strong> Affiliated with Johns Hopkins Hospital, providing American-standard urological reconstruction and minimally invasive surgery.</li> <li><strong>Memorial Sisli Hospital:</strong> First JCI-accredited facility in Turkey, known for high success rates in robotic-assisted urethroplasty.</li> <li><strong>Hisar Hospital Intercontinental:</strong> Features the 61-department multi-specialty center with seasoned experts like Associate Professor Basri Cakiroglu.</li> <li><strong>Medipol Mega University:</strong> One of Turkey’s largest complexes equipped with da Vinci robotic systems for precision surgery.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While hospital reputation matters, the high patient volume at Hisar Hospital, which serves over 250,000 patients annually, indicates deep institutional experience. Choosing a center with high urology-specific traffic often ensures the nursing staff is better prepared for specialized post-operative catheter care.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients emphasize prioritizing the specific surgeon's experience over the hospital brand for this delicate procedure. Many recommend budgeting for a 2-4 week local stay to ensure proper healing before flying home.</p>"},{"q":"How long is the recovery period and hospital stay after urethroplasty?","a":"<p>Most patients recover from urethroplasty in 4 to 12 weeks, with a standard hospital stay of 1 to 5 days in Turkey. Surgeons like Dr. Bugra Cetin at Uroaesthetic typically require patients to use a urinary catheter for 1 to 3 weeks to ensure the reconstructed urethra heals properly.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Hospital stay:</strong> Expect 1 to 5 days depending on whether a buccal mucosal graft is used.</li> <li><strong>Catheter duration:</strong> A urethral catheter remains for 1 to 3 weeks to support the internal repair.</li> <li><strong>Physical activity:</strong> Return to desk work in 1 to 2 weeks; avoid strenuous exercise for 6 weeks.</li> <li><strong>Long-term restriction:</strong> Avoid biking, straddling, or high-impact sports for 3 to 6 months to prevent re-stricture.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Data from top Istanbul clinics shows a significant recovery gap between simple repairs and graft surgeries. While anastomotic procedures allow discharge in 1 to 2 days, complex cases at centers like Anadolu Medical Center often include 4 to 5 nights of monitoring. This extra time is vital for ensuring the delicate tissue graft successfully integrates without complications.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Many patients find post-operative pain manageable with basic medication but highlight the emotional challenge of catheter care. Success often depends on strict hygiene and resisting the urge to resume physical activities too early.</p>"}],"h2":[{"text":"Какая цена пластики уретры в Турции?","kind":"content"},{"text":"Преимущества и гарантии Bookimed","kind":"content"},{"text":"Ваш личный врач-координатор Bookimed","kind":"content"},{"text":"Лучшие клиники по пластике уретры в Турции — 30 проверенных вариантов с ценами","kind":"content"},{"text":"Обзор процедуры Пластика уретры в Турции","kind":"content"},{"text":"Лучшие специалисты по пластике уретры в Турции — 33 доктора с отзывами и ценами","kind":"content"},{"text":"Видеоистории пациентов Bookimed","kind":"content"},{"text":"Отзывы о Bookimed: узнайте о реальном опыте пациентов","kind":"content"},{"text":"Поделитесь этим материалом","kind":"content"},{"text":"FAQ по пластике уретры в Турции","kind":"content"},{"text":"Получить бесплатную консультацию","kind":"content"}]},"placeholders":{"price_from":"{{price_from}}","clinics_count":"{{clinics_count}}","cities_count":"{{cities_count}}","savings_pct":"{{savings_pct}}","data_date":"{{data_date}}"},"legal":{"restricted_markets":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"conflicts":[]}