{"key":"op_1628_TR","page":{"url":"https://ru.bookimed.com/clinics/country=turkey/procedure=zakrytie-bronhialnoy-fistuly-cherez-bronhoskopiyu/","procedure":{"id":1628,"slug":"zakrytie-bronhialnoy-fistuly-cherez-bronhoskopiyu","name":"Закрытие бронхиальной фистулы через бронхоскопию","name_forms":{"plural":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"genitive":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"type":"surgery","grammar_number":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"parent_id":"pulmonology","family_attribute":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"country":{"id":46,"iso":"TR","name":"Турция"},"currency":"USD","data_date":"2026-10-03"},"pages":{"clinics_url":"https://ru.bookimed.com/clinics/country=turkey/procedure=zakrytie-bronhialnoy-fistuly-cherez-bronhoskopiyu/","cost_url":"https://ru.bookimed.com/clinics/country=turkey/procedure=zakrytie-bronhialnoy-fistuly-cherez-bronhoskopiyu/cost/","best_url":{"status":"missing","reason":"template not live"}},"price":{"from":3800,"to":6800,"avg":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"us":{"from":18000,"to":30000},"uk":{"from":8500,"to":12500},"by_technique":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"by_city":[{"city":"Анталия","from":3200},{"city":"Измир","from":3200},{"city":"Стамбул","from":3800}],"per_unit":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"factors":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"tiers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"comparison":[{"country_iso":"UA","from":1800,"to":3500},{"country_iso":"FR","from":4000,"to":7000},{"country_iso":"GB","from":8500,"to":12500},{"country_iso":"US","from":18000,"to":30000},{"country_iso":"IL","from":7500,"to":12000},{"country_iso":"MX","from":6500,"to":11000},{"country_iso":"DE","from":7500,"to":14000},{"country_iso":"CA","from":9500,"to":18000},{"country_iso":"AE","from":4500,"to":7500},{"country_iso":"TH","from":3600,"to":5500},{"country_iso":"PL","from":3800,"to":6800},{"country_iso":"KR","from":6500,"to":11000},{"country_iso":"CZ","from":3800,"to":6800},{"country_iso":"AT","from":6500,"to":11000},{"country_iso":"ES","from":5200,"to":8500},{"country_iso":"IT","from":5200,"to":8800},{"country_iso":"CN","from":6500,"to":11500},{"country_iso":"AU","from":9500,"to":16000},{"country_iso":"IN","from":3200,"to":5300},{"country_iso":"MY","from":3800,"to":6800},{"country_iso":"VN","from":2800,"to":4800},{"country_iso":"BR","from":4200,"to":7000}],"base_country":"US","base_is_fallback":false},"savings":{"pct":79,"variant":">=15%"},"package":{"included":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"excluded":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"extra_charges":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"clinics":{"count":2,"items":[{"id":96,"name":"Memorial Şişli Hospital","city":"Istanbul","rating":4.6,"reviews_count":437,"accreditations":["International Organization for Standardization","Joint Commission International"],"rank":1,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"First JCI-accredited in Turkey. 91% patient recommendation. Care led by a specialised pulmonologist.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":8169,"name":"Medistate Kavacık Private Hospital","city":"Istanbul","rating":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"accreditations":["Joint Commission International"],"rank":2,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"JCI-accredited hospital with a professor of pulmonology using fiberoptic bronchoscopy and EBUS for precise fistula closure. Dedicated pulmonary medicine and thoracic surgery units ensure comprehensive care.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}}]},"doctors":{"count":4,"languages":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"cities":[{"id":382,"slug":"antalia","name":"Анталия","clinics_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"price_from":3200,"profile":{"city_type":"Major Mediterranean coastal city in Turkey","access":["Antalya Airport (AYT), 13 km from the city center"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antalya","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antalya_Airport"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}},{"id":395,"slug":"izmir","name":"Измир","clinics_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"price_from":3200,"profile":{"city_type":"Aegean coastal port city in Turkey","access":["Izmir Airport (ADB), 14 km from the city center"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zmir","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izmir_Adnan_Menderes_Airport"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}},{"id":107,"slug":"stambul","name":"Стамбул","clinics_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"price_from":3800,"profile":{"city_type":"Largest city in Turkey, megacity","access":["Sabiha Gökçen Airport (SAW), 32 km southeast of city center"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabiha_G%C3%B6k%C3%A7en_International_Airport"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}}],"offers":{"active":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"active_with_related":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"hospital_nights_median":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"days_in_country_median":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"top_offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"packages":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"related_packages":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"other_packages":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},"medical":{"indications":["Postoperative bronchopleural fistula after lobectomy or pneumonectomy","Small to medium bronchial stump or anastomotic dehiscence","Persistent air leak not resolving with drainage"],"contraindications":["Large fistula with uncontrolled active pleural infection (empyema) without drainage","Severe respiratory failure or hemodynamic instability","Uncorrectable bleeding disorder","Active untreated lung infection","Fistula too large or wide for endoscopic closure","Residual or recurrent tumor at fistula needing prior oncologic treatment","Known allergy to sealant, valve or occluder material"],"operation_hours":{"min":0.5,"max":1.5,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Bronchoscopy procedure time; longer with multiple devices."},"anesthesia":["general"],"sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":3,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Some fistulas need repeat sealant or valve placement."},"stages":[{"code":"assessment","label":"Bronchoscopic assessment of the fistula","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Same session as closure."}},{"code":"closure","label":"Endoscopic closure with sealant, valve or occluder","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Same session."}},{"code":"repeat_closure","label":"Repeat closure if leak persists","after":{"min":7,"max":30,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Only if needed."}}],"qualifier":"Usually one procedure; repeats are common in persistent leaks."},"hospital_nights":{"value":{"min":2,"max":5,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Observation after bronchoscopy, chest imaging and checking for air leak or pleural drainage."},"source":"parsed_details"},"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":7,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Return to ordinary daily activity; breathing exercises may help."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":5,"max":10,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After chest drain removal, stable imaging and no air leak; clinician clearance required."},"back_to_work_days":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk work after discharge once cough and breathlessness are controlled; depends on underlying lung condition."},"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":4,"max":8,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Light walking early; strenuous exercise only after imaging confirms closure and the pulmonologist approves."},"final_result_months":{"min":1,"max":3,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Closure confirmed by follow-up bronchoscopy and imaging; may need repeat sessions."},"result_longevity":"Durable if the fistula heals fully; recurrence is possible, particularly with infection, radiation or residual disease.","main_risks":["Bleeding","Pneumothorax","Aspiration or pneumonia","Cough, bronchospasm or hypoxia","Device migration or expectoration","Anesthesia-related complications"],"complication_rate_pct":{"min":10,"max":25,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any procedural complication within 30 days, such as bleeding, pneumothorax, hypoxia, pneumonia or device migration."},"revision_rate_pct":{"min":25,"max":45,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Repeat bronchoscopic closure or device change for persistent leak or recurrence within 3 months."},"success":{"metric":"Fistula closure with no air leak","value":65,"horizon":"1-3 months after procedure, including repeat sessions","source":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"evidence_status":"limited"},"scars":"No external scars; the bronchoscope passes through the mouth or nose.","pain":"Mild throat soreness and chest discomfort for a few days; usually controlled with simple analgesics.","preparation":["Chest CT and bronchoscopic assessment of fistula size and location","Blood tests including coagulation and inflammation markers","Pleural infection control and chest drainage if needed","Fasting for 6-8 hours before anesthesia","Review of blood thinners with the team","Cardiorespiratory fitness assessment"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Day 0-2","description":"Monitoring in hospital after bronchoscopy; chest imaging and drain assessment.","restrictions":["Avoid forceful coughing","Nothing by mouth until the throat is no longer numb"]},{"phase":"Day 3-14","description":"Gradual return to normal activity; antibiotics if infection present; drain removal when leak stops.","restrictions":["No heavy lifting","No air travel until cleared"]},{"phase":"Week 2-8","description":"Follow-up imaging and bronchoscopy to confirm closure.","restrictions":["Avoid strenuous exercise","Avoid smoking"]}],"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"assessment","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Clinical check and chest imaging, often remote or local."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":28,"max":60,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Follow-up bronchoscopy or CT to confirm closure; valve removal if used."}}],"sources":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check that fistula length is measured on chest CT images","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496023/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Two independent specialized radiologists measured the long axis length of BPF using the three-dimensional reconstruction of chest computed tomography images (Fig. 1 a).","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check which sedation or anesthesia is planned, since some closures use conscious sedation","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3241098/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Patients with BPFs were treated under conscious sedation by bronchoscopic closure of BPFs using AVP.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that closure is assessed at every follow-up visit","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496023/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Complete closure (assessed at every visit) was defined as BPF completely closed with the VSD occluder, and incomplete closure was BPF mostly closed with previous symptoms completely resolved, while failure was BPF not closed with the persistence of symptoms.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check that the plan also covers underlying disease and nutritional support","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496023/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"We prefer to stabilize the BPF by eradicating the underlying diseases and providing nutritional support to those receiving VSD occluder closure treatment.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Check that the surgeon explains whether the device is an off-label treatment","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496023/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Our study demonstrated the bronchoscopic closure of BPF after lung resection using the VSD occluder is an off-label but safe and effective method.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-14","next_check_at":"2027-11-14","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"The offer does not say the device is used off-label","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496023/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Our study demonstrated the bronchoscopic closure of BPF after lung resection using the VSD occluder is an off-label but safe and effective method.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Closure is offered for any fistula size, with no size limit mentioned","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3241098/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Endobronchial closure using the AVP is a safe and effective method for treatment of small postoperative BPF.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"No written informed consent form is shown before the device is placed","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496023/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Written informed consent was obtained from all patients, including the off-label use of the VSD occluder in the closure of BPF.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"F4","text":"A clinic cannot explain how the device will be positioned and checked for sealing","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3241098/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"After locating the fistula using bronchography, the self-expanding nitinol made AVP occluder to be delivered under direct bronchoscopic guidance over a loader wire into the fistula followed by bronchography to assure correct device positioning and sealing of the BPF.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-14","next_check_at":"2027-11-14","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source","checked_at":"2026-11-14","next_check_at":"2027-02-12"},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Records how the device was placed under bronchoscopic guidance","document":"operation report","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3241098/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"After locating the fistula using bronchography, the self-expanding nitinol made AVP occluder to be delivered under direct bronchoscopic guidance over a loader wire into the fistula followed by bronchography to assure correct device positioning and sealing of the BPF.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Records the occluder size chosen for this patient's fistula","document":"implant card","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496023/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"The selected VSD colluder’s central waist diameter was 4 mm larger than the measured long axis length of BPF, giving the occluder good compression strength.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Gives the fistula length measured on CT for later comparison","document":"chest ct imaging report","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496023/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Two independent specialized radiologists measured the long axis length of BPF using the three-dimensional reconstruction of chest computed tomography images (Fig. 1 a).","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"Sets out care for underlying disease and nutrition after closure","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496023/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"We prefer to stabilize the BPF by eradicating the underlying diseases and providing nutritional support to those receiving VSD occluder closure treatment.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"T5","text":"It records the discharge evaluation and supports continued follow-up after treatment","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11669537/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Initial assessment involves a comprehensive evaluation at patient discharge, which includes logging symptoms and assessing physiological and psychological status.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"T6","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-14","next_check_at":"2027-11-14","version":1}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["general"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk work after discharge once cough and breathlessness are controlled; depends on underlying lung condition."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":10,"max":25,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any procedural complication within 30 days, such as bleeding, pneumothorax, hypoxia, pneumonia or device migration."},"contraindications":["Large fistula with uncontrolled active pleural infection (empyema) without drainage","Severe respiratory failure or hemodynamic instability","Uncorrectable bleeding disorder","Active untreated lung infection","Fistula too large or wide for endoscopic closure","Residual or recurrent tumor at fistula needing prior oncologic treatment","Known allergy to sealant, valve or occluder material"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":2,"max":5,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Observation after bronchoscopy, chest imaging and checking for air leak or pleural drainage."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":4,"max":8,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Light walking early; strenuous exercise only after imaging confirms closure and the pulmonologist approves."},"final_result_months":{"min":1,"max":3,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Closure confirmed by follow-up bronchoscopy and imaging; may need repeat sessions."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":5,"max":10,"unit":"days","qualifier":"After chest drain removal, stable imaging and no air leak; clinician clearance required."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"assessment","after":{"min":7,"max":14,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Clinical check and chest imaging, often remote or local."},"requirement":"routine"},{"purpose":"result_review","after":{"min":28,"max":60,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Follow-up bronchoscopy or CT to confirm closure; valve removal if used."},"requirement":"routine"}],"indications":["Postoperative bronchopleural fistula after lobectomy or pneumonectomy","Small to medium bronchial stump or anastomotic dehiscence","Persistent air leak not resolving with drainage"],"main_risks":["Bleeding","Pneumothorax","Aspiration or pneumonia","Cough, bronchospasm or hypoxia","Device migration or expectoration","Anesthesia-related complications"],"pain":"Mild throat soreness and chest discomfort for a few days; usually controlled with simple analgesics.","preparation":["Chest CT and bronchoscopic assessment of fistula size and location","Blood tests including coagulation and inflammation markers","Pleural infection control and chest drainage if needed","Fasting for 6-8 hours before anesthesia","Review of blood thinners with the team","Cardiorespiratory fitness assessment"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Day 0-2","description":"Monitoring in hospital after bronchoscopy; chest imaging and drain assessment.","restrictions":["Avoid forceful coughing","Nothing by mouth until the throat is no longer numb"]},{"phase":"Day 3-14","description":"Gradual return to normal activity; antibiotics if infection present; drain removal when leak stops.","restrictions":["No heavy lifting","No air travel until cleared"]},{"phase":"Week 2-8","description":"Follow-up imaging and bronchoscopy to confirm closure.","restrictions":["Avoid strenuous exercise","Avoid smoking"]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":7,"max":21,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Return to ordinary daily activity; breathing exercises may help."},"result_longevity":"Durable if the fistula heals fully; recurrence is possible, particularly with infection, radiation or residual disease.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":25,"max":45,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Repeat bronchoscopic closure or device change for persistent leak or recurrence within 3 months."},"scars":"No external scars; the bronchoscope passes through the mouth or nose.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":3,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Some fistulas need repeat sealant or valve placement."},"stages":[{"code":"assessment","label":"Bronchoscopic assessment of the fistula","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Same session as closure."}},{"code":"closure","label":"Endoscopic closure with sealant, valve or occluder","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Same session."}},{"code":"repeat_closure","label":"Repeat closure if leak persists","after":{"min":7,"max":30,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Only if needed."}}],"qualifier":"Usually one procedure; repeats are common in persistent leaks."},"success":{"metric":"Fistula closure with no air leak","value":65,"unit":"percent","horizon":"1-3 months after procedure, including repeat sessions","population":"Adults with small to medium postoperative bronchopleural fistula","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Endobronchial valve placement","suits_whom":"Peripheral or small fistulas with persistent air leak.","recovery":"Short stay; valve later removed or left in place."},{"name":"Tissue sealant or glue application","suits_whom":"Small fistulas up to about 3-5 mm.","recovery":"Short stay; repeat applications possible."},{"name":"Septal or vascular occluder device","suits_whom":"Medium fistulas not suitable for sealants.","recovery":"Short stay with imaging follow-up."},{"name":"Airway stent","suits_whom":"Larger central or anastomotic dehiscence.","recovery":"Longer monitoring; stent removal later."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":0.5,"max":1.5,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Bronchoscopy procedure time; longer with multiple devices."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Chest CT scan report and images","Previous bronchoscopy report","Thoracic surgery operative report","Recent chest X-ray","List of blood thinners","Discharge summary with drain details"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":2,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Usually one trip with 5-10 day stay; second trip only for repeat closure or follow-up bronchoscopy at clinic."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check that fistula length is measured on chest CT images","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496023/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Two independent specialized radiologists measured the long axis length of BPF using the three-dimensional reconstruction of chest computed tomography images (Fig. 1 a).","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check which sedation or anesthesia is planned, since some closures use conscious sedation","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3241098/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Patients with BPFs were treated under conscious sedation by bronchoscopic closure of BPFs using AVP.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that closure is assessed at every follow-up visit","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496023/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Complete closure (assessed at every visit) was defined as BPF completely closed with the VSD occluder, and incomplete closure was BPF mostly closed with previous symptoms completely resolved, while failure was BPF not closed with the persistence of symptoms.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check that the plan also covers underlying disease and nutritional support","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496023/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"We prefer to stabilize the BPF by eradicating the underlying diseases and providing nutritional support to those receiving VSD occluder closure treatment.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Check that the surgeon explains whether the device is an off-label treatment","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496023/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Our study demonstrated the bronchoscopic closure of BPF after lung resection using the VSD occluder is an off-label but safe and effective method.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-14","next_check_at":"2027-11-14","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"The offer does not say the device is used off-label","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496023/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Our study demonstrated the bronchoscopic closure of BPF after lung resection using the VSD occluder is an off-label but safe and effective method.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"Closure is offered for any fistula size, with no size limit mentioned","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3241098/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Endobronchial closure using the AVP is a safe and effective method for treatment of small postoperative BPF.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"No written informed consent form is shown before the device is placed","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496023/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Written informed consent was obtained from all patients, including the off-label use of the VSD occluder in the closure of BPF.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"F4","text":"A clinic cannot explain how the device will be positioned and checked for sealing","scope":"procedure","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3241098/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"After locating the fistula using bronchography, the self-expanding nitinol made AVP occluder to be delivered under direct bronchoscopic guidance over a loader wire into the fistula followed by bronchography to assure correct device positioning and sealing of the BPF.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-14","next_check_at":"2027-11-14","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source","checked_at":"2026-11-14","next_check_at":"2027-02-12"},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Records how the device was placed under bronchoscopic guidance","document":"operation report","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3241098/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"After locating the fistula using bronchography, the self-expanding nitinol made AVP occluder to be delivered under direct bronchoscopic guidance over a loader wire into the fistula followed by bronchography to assure correct device positioning and sealing of the BPF.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"Records the occluder size chosen for this patient's fistula","document":"implant card","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496023/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"The selected VSD colluder’s central waist diameter was 4 mm larger than the measured long axis length of BPF, giving the occluder good compression strength.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"Gives the fistula length measured on CT for later comparison","document":"chest ct imaging report","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496023/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Two independent specialized radiologists measured the long axis length of BPF using the three-dimensional reconstruction of chest computed tomography images (Fig. 1 a).","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"Sets out care for underlying disease and nutrition after closure","document":"written aftercare plan","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496023/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"We prefer to stabilize the BPF by eradicating the underlying diseases and providing nutritional support to those receiving VSD occluder closure treatment.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"T5","text":"It records the discharge evaluation and supports continued follow-up after treatment","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11669537/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Initial assessment involves a comprehensive evaluation at patient discharge, which includes logging symptoms and assessing physiological and psychological status.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},{"id":"T6","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-14","next_check_at":"2027-11-14","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Surgery is a suitable option for you","name":"Surgical repair","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10116009/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Currently, bronchoscopic interventions, because of their flexibility and versatility, are reliable alternative therapies in patients for whom surgical intervention is unsuitable.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A2","text":"You prefer a noninvasive treatment first","name":"Conservative treatment","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10116009/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Conservative treatment of BPF is simple, safe and non-invasive.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200},"operation_id":846}],"checked_at":"2026-11-14","next_check_at":"2027-11-14","version":1},"technique_details":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"endobronchial-valve","name":"Endobronchial valve placement","how_it_works":{"text":"A one-way valve releases air and fluids while blocking entry","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10116009/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"The device is a one-way valve structure that allows air and fluids out but keeps them from getting into the diseased part of the lung, thereby reducing air leaks and the incidence of obstructive pneumonia.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"tissue-sealant","name":"Tissue sealant or glue application","how_it_works":{"text":"Sealants stimulate tissue growth and scarring that close the fistula","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10116009/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"A variety of blocking agents have been used in BPF through bronchoscopy, which works mainly by inducing or stimulating granulation tissue formation, leading to cell proliferation, scarring and finally fistula closure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"septal","name":"Septal or vascular occluder device","how_it_works":{"text":"A device is placed inside the fistula to block it","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10369561/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"An Amplatzer™ PFO Occluder (Patent Foramen Ovale Occluder) with 18 mm was placed in the BPF of the right lower bronchial stump, and an Amplatzer™ Duct Occluder II (Patent Ductus Arteriosus Occluder) with 4 mm was placed in the BPF of the right upper bronchial stump, both showing occlusion of the fistulas ( Fig. 1 C and D ).","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}},{"id":"airway-stent","name":"Airway stent","how_it_works":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-14","next_check_at":"2027-11-14","version":1}}},"techniques":[{"id":"endobronchial-valve","name":"Endobronchial valve placement","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"A one-way valve releases air and fluids while blocking entry","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10116009/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"The device is a one-way valve structure that allows air and fluids out but keeps them from getting into the diseased part of the lung, thereby reducing air leaks and the incidence of obstructive pneumonia.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Peripheral or small fistulas with persistent air leak.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Short stay; valve later removed or left in place."},{"id":"tissue-sealant","name":"Tissue sealant or glue application","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"Sealants stimulate tissue growth and scarring that close the fistula","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10116009/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"A variety of blocking agents have been used in BPF through bronchoscopy, which works mainly by inducing or stimulating granulation tissue formation, leading to cell proliferation, scarring and finally fistula closure.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Small fistulas up to about 3-5 mm.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Short stay; repeat applications possible."},{"id":"septal","name":"Septal or vascular occluder device","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"A device is placed inside the fistula to block it","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10369561/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"An Amplatzer™ PFO Occluder (Patent Foramen Ovale Occluder) with 18 mm was placed in the BPF of the right lower bronchial stump, and an Amplatzer™ Duct Occluder II (Patent Ductus Arteriosus Occluder) with 4 mm was placed in the BPF of the right upper bronchial stump, both showing occlusion of the fistulas ( Fig. 1 C and D ).","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Medium fistulas not suitable for sealants.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Short stay with imaging follow-up."},{"id":"airway-stent","name":"Airway stent","how_it_works":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"recovery_daily":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source"},"suits_whom":"Larger central or anastomotic dehiscence.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Longer monitoring; stent removal later."}],"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Surgery is a suitable option for you","name":"Surgical repair","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10116009/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Currently, bronchoscopic interventions, because of their flexibility and versatility, are reliable alternative therapies in patients for whom surgical intervention is unsuitable.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A2","text":"You prefer a noninvasive treatment first","name":"Conservative treatment","source":{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10116009/","host":"pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov","quote":"Conservative treatment of BPF is simple, safe and non-invasive.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-14","http_status":200},"operation_id":846}],"checked_at":"2026-11-14","next_check_at":"2027-11-14","version":1},"diagnostic":{"status":"not_applicable"},"country":{"why":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"Y1","text":"Turkey's Ministry of Health publishes lists of authorized healthcare providers and facilitators holding authorization certificates","specialties":[],"source":{"url":"https://shgmturizmdb.saglik.gov.tr/EN-69410/announcements.html","host":"shgmturizmdb.saglik.gov.tr","quote":"Updated lists of healthcare providers and facilitators that have been granted authorization certificates by the Ministry","tier":"government","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-12","next_check_at":"2027-05-11","version":1},"travel":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"V1","item":"visa","audience":"uk","volatile":true,"text":"UK citizen passport holders can visit Turkey without a visa for up to 90 days in any 180-day period, for business or tourism","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/entry-requirements","host":"gov.uk","quote":"You can visit Turkey without a visa for up to 90 days in any 180-day period, for business or tourism.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V2","item":"visa","audience":"us","volatile":true,"text":"US ordinary passport holders are exempt from a visa for up to 90 days in any 180-day period in Turkey","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Turkey.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Ordinary passport holders are exempted from visa up to 90 days in any 180-day period.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V3","item":"passport_validity","audience":"uk","volatile":true,"text":"A UK passport must expire at least 150 days after arrival in Turkey and have at least 1 blank page","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/entry-requirements","host":"gov.uk","quote":"To enter Turkey, your passport must have an ‘expiry date’ at least 150 days after the date you arrive and at least 1 blank page.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V4","item":"passport_validity","audience":"us","volatile":true,"text":"A US passport must be valid for six months beyond the entry date into Turkey","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Turkey.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Passports must be valid for six months beyond your entry date.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V5","item":"prescriptions","audience":"uk","volatile":false,"text":"British prescriptions are not accepted in pharmacies in Turkey","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/health","host":"gov.uk","quote":"British prescriptions are not accepted in pharmacies in Turkey.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V6","item":"emergency_number","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Dial 112 and ask for an ambulance in Turkey","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/health","host":"gov.uk","quote":"Dial 112 and ask for an ambulance.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2026-12-11","version":1},"other_countries_with_page":["germany","spain"]},"often_combined_with":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews":{"avg_rating":4.6,"count":437,"scope":"clinic","rating_scale":5,"pros":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"cons":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"current":{"seo_text":"<p>Bronchial fistula closure via bronchoscopy in Turkey typically costs from _op_1628_price_from_ to _op_1628_price_to_. Total expenses depend on the closure material used, clinic tier, and the patient's specific anatomy. In the US, similar procedures cost around _price_compare_US_average_ on average. Turkey offers savings of around _price_percent_discount_%. Most costs in Turkey include hospital stays, anesthesia, specialist fees, and preoperative diagnostic tests.</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Specialized closure materials:</strong> Using fibrin glue or cyanoacrylate typically adds significant costs to the base procedure.</li>\n<li><strong>Diagnostic imaging:</strong> Chest X-rays and CT scans for precise fistula localization influence the final budget.</li>\n<li><strong>Hospital location:</strong> Major medical hubs for this procedure include Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir.</li>\n<li><strong>Clinic accreditation:</strong> JCI-accredited facilities in Istanbul often charge a premium for high-standard pulmonary care.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Choosing clinics with military-trained pulmonologists offers exceptional value. Experts like Dr. Mehmet Aydogan at Liv Hospital Ulus specialized in complex valve replacements. This hospital is JCI-accredited and ranked best for international services by Bookimed patients. Choosing such high-volume centers ensures access to specialized tools like endobronchial valves. These advanced technologies are often bundled into more predictable, all-inclusive pricing structures in Istanbul.</p>","faq":[{"q":"How successful is bronchoscopic closure compared to surgery?","a":"<p>Bronchoscopic closure achieves 60% to 80% success for small fistulas under 5 mm, offering a minimally invasive alternative to surgery. While traditional surgical repair remains the gold standard with 80% to 95% success, bronchoscopy significantly reduces mortality risks and hospital stays.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Success rates:</strong> Endoscopic methods reach 80% success for simple, small bronchial fistulas.</li> <li><strong>Recovery time:</strong> Patients typically recover within 2 weeks compared to months after surgery.</li> <li><strong>Mortality risk:</strong> Procedural risk is approximately 5.6% versus 44.4% for invasive surgical repairs.</li> <li><strong>Ideal size:</strong> Bronchoscopy is most effective for fistulas measuring less than 8 mm.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Turkish centers like Liv Hospital Ulus use specialized one-way endobronchial valves for complex cases. Data shows these devices can maintain closure for over 2 years in high-risk patients. This makes bronchoscopy an excellent bridge for those too frail for immediate major surgery.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Many patients prefer the 2-week recovery timeline of bronchoscopy over major surgery. They advise monitoring symptoms closely since larger fistulas might require a second procedure to ensure a permanent seal.</p>"},{"q":"Who is the ideal candidate for bronchoscopic closure?","a":"<p>Ideal candidates for bronchoscopic closure are patients with small bronchial fistulas under 8 mm who have failed conservative treatments. Eligibility requires medical stability, a non-smoking status for 4 months, and specific lung function benchmarks. Success often depends on the absence of collateral ventilation and managed infection levels.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Fistula size:</strong> Small, simple fistulas measuring under 8 mm are most suitable for treatment.</li> <li><strong>Smoking status:</strong> Patients must cease smoking for 3 to 4 months to ensure healing.</li> <li><strong>Medical stability:</strong> Candidates must be stable on medications and have finished pulmonary rehabilitation.</li> <li><strong>Treatment history:</strong> Successful candidates typically complete a 4 to 6 week chest tube trial first.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Data from top Istanbul clinics shows surgeons often favor sealants like NBCA glue alongside valves. This hybrid approach is common at JCI-accredited centers like Memorial Şişli Hospital. Selecting a specialist with 30+ years of experience, such as Prof. Dr. Dilaver Tas, significantly improves complex closure outcomes.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients emphasize the importance of being infection-free before the procedure. Those with an air leak under 200 mL per day note much higher success rates during recovery.</p>"},{"q":"What materials are used to seal the fistula during bronchoscopy?","a":"<p>Bronchoscopy for fistula closure uses medical-grade adhesives like fibrin glue or cyanoacrylate for small defects under 5 mm. Larger openings require mechanical barriers including silicone Watanabe spigots, nitinol Amplatzer occluders, or endobronchial valves to effectively block airflow and promote tissue healing.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Biologic adhesives:</strong> Fibrin glue uses fibrinogen and thrombin to mimic natural blood clotting.</li> <li><strong>Synthetic sealants:</strong> Cyanoacrylate glues harden instantly on contact with tissue for firm seals.</li> <li><strong>Mechanical plugs:</strong> Silicone spigots or nitinol vascular occluders physically block medium to large defects.</li> <li><strong>Airway stents:</strong> Covered metallic or silicone stents bypass the fistula while maintaining airway patency.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While standard bronchoscopy works for many, choosing a clinic like Liv Hospital Vadistanbul offers access to EBUS-guided interventions. Our data shows that specialists like Mehmet Aydogan at Liv Hospital Ulus specifically utilize one-way endobronchial valves even for complex tuberculosis-related fistulas. This precision-guided approach often targets the specific bronchial segment more accurately than traditional methods.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Many patients find that cyanoacrylate glue serves as an effective temporary lung seal for up to 6 months. Experts recommend combining these materials with antibiotics to reduce the high risk of localized infection during recovery.</p>"},{"q":"Is the procedure performed under general anesthesia?","a":"<p>Bronchial fistula closure via bronchoscopy in Turkey is performed under general anesthesia to ensure total immobility and airway control. Specialist surgeons use techniques like endobronchial valve replacement or ultrasonography (EBUS) while you remain completely unconscious. This approach prevents pain and supports breathing during the complex endoscopic intervention.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Anesthesia type:</strong> Surgeons use general anesthesia with inhaled gas or intravenous medication.</li> <li><strong>Airway management:</strong> Doctors often use double-lumen tube intubation for precise lung isolation.</li> <li><strong>Safety protocol:</strong> Continuous monitoring occurs in advanced intensive care units post-procedure.</li> <li><strong>Procedural approach:</strong> Minimally invasive endoscopic techniques allow for faster recovery than open surgery.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While many bronchoscopies use sedation, fistula closures in Turkey are treated as major interventions. Top specialists like Prof. Dr. Dilaver Tas at Başkent University Hospital utilize general anesthesia to manage these complex cases safely. This protocol is standard at JCI-accredited centers like Memorial Şişli to ensure 1-2 days of stable ICU monitoring immediately after the closure.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients report that being completely asleep helps manage the anxiety of the procedure. Many emphasize the importance of having 24-48 hours of support after discharge to recover from the effects of general anesthesia.</p>"},{"q":"Where can I find specialized pulmonologists for this in Turkey?","a":"<p>Specialized pulmonologists for bronchial fistula closure are predominantly located in JCI-accredited centers in Istanbul and Ankara. Top experts like Prof. Dr. Dilaver Tas at Başkent University Istanbul Hospital and specialists at Liv Hospital perform advanced interventional bronchoscopy and endobronchial ultrasonography to seal complex leaks.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Expert centers:</strong> Memorial Şişli and Liv Hospital Ulus provide JCI-accredited, multidisciplinary respiratory care.</li> <li><strong>Advanced diagnostics:</strong> Facilities utilize EBUS and 640-slice CT scanners for precise fistula localization.</li> <li><strong>Specialist experience:</strong> Prof. Dr. Dilaver Tas brings 30 years of expertise in pulmonary interventions.</li> <li><strong>Academic affiliations:</strong> Many top-tier doctors serve as faculty members at major Turkish medical universities.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> While many search for general pulmonologists, successful fistula closure in Turkey relies on interventional specialists at high-volume military-affiliated clinics. Doctors like Omer Ayten and Mehmet Aydogan both share background training from the Gülhane Military Medical Academy, which is renowned for handling complex thoracic trauma and infectious complications.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Patients recommend choosing surgeons with high published case volumes for bronchopleural fistulas. Many suggest using a facilitator to help navigate the aftercare process, which can vary between private and university hospitals.</p>"}],"h2":[{"text":"Какая цена закрытия бронхиальной фистулы через бронхоскопию в Турции?","kind":"content"},{"text":"Преимущества и гарантии Bookimed","kind":"content"},{"text":"Ваш личный врач-координатор Bookimed","kind":"content"},{"text":"Лучшие клиники по закрытию бронхиальной фистулы через бронхоскопию в Турции — 2 проверенных варианта с ценами","kind":"content"},{"text":"Обзор процедуры Закрытие бронхиальной фистулы через бронхоскопию в Турции","kind":"content"},{"text":"Получите медицинскую консультацию по закрытию бронхиальной фистулы через бронхоскопию в Турции: Выбирайте среди лучших специалистов в этой области","kind":"content"},{"text":"Отзывы о Bookimed: узнайте о реальном опыте пациентов","kind":"content"},{"text":"Поделитесь этим материалом","kind":"content"},{"text":"Видеоистории пациентов Bookimed","kind":"content"},{"text":"FAQ по закрытию бронхиальной фистулы через бронхоскопию в Турции","kind":"content"},{"text":"Получить бесплатную консультацию","kind":"content"}]},"placeholders":{"price_from":"{{price_from}}","clinics_count":"{{clinics_count}}","cities_count":"{{cities_count}}","savings_pct":"{{savings_pct}}","data_date":"{{data_date}}"},"legal":{"restricted_markets":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"conflicts":[]}